{
  "title": "Twenty healthy years apart. How does that happen?",
  "publication": "2026-11-01",
  "version": 2,
  "charts": [
    {
      "kind": "line",
      "title": "A LONG-RUN ISSUE.\nA CHANGED MEASURE.",
      "series": [
        {
          "label": "Children below relative low-income line",
          "points": [
            {
              "x": 1994,
              "y": 32.446,
              "label": "94/95"
            },
            {
              "x": 1995,
              "y": 32.7,
              "label": "95/96"
            },
            {
              "x": 1996,
              "y": 33.753,
              "label": "96/97"
            },
            {
              "x": 1997,
              "y": 32.896,
              "label": "97/98"
            },
            {
              "x": 1998,
              "y": 33.682,
              "label": "98/99"
            },
            {
              "x": 1999,
              "y": 32.461,
              "label": "99/00"
            },
            {
              "x": 2000,
              "y": 30.76,
              "label": "00/01"
            },
            {
              "x": 2001,
              "y": 30.581,
              "label": "01/02"
            },
            {
              "x": 2002,
              "y": 29.207,
              "label": "02/03"
            },
            {
              "x": 2003,
              "y": 28.364,
              "label": "03/04"
            },
            {
              "x": 2004,
              "y": 28.061,
              "label": "04/05"
            },
            {
              "x": 2005,
              "y": 29.34,
              "label": "05/06"
            },
            {
              "x": 2006,
              "y": 30.695,
              "label": "06/07"
            },
            {
              "x": 2007,
              "y": 31.297,
              "label": "07/08"
            },
            {
              "x": 2008,
              "y": 30.358,
              "label": "08/09"
            },
            {
              "x": 2009,
              "y": 29.377,
              "label": "09/10"
            },
            {
              "x": 2010,
              "y": 27.17,
              "label": "10/11"
            },
            {
              "x": 2011,
              "y": 26.978,
              "label": "11/12"
            },
            {
              "x": 2012,
              "y": 27.212,
              "label": "12/13"
            },
            {
              "x": 2013,
              "y": 27.482,
              "label": "13/14"
            },
            {
              "x": 2014,
              "y": 28.517,
              "label": "14/15"
            },
            {
              "x": 2015,
              "y": 29.418,
              "label": "15/16"
            },
            {
              "x": 2016,
              "y": 30.048,
              "label": "16/17"
            },
            {
              "x": 2017,
              "y": 29.316,
              "label": "17/18"
            },
            {
              "x": 2018,
              "y": 29.4,
              "label": "18/19"
            },
            {
              "x": 2019,
              "y": 30.683,
              "label": "19/20"
            },
            {
              "x": 2021,
              "y": 27.278,
              "label": "21/22"
            },
            {
              "x": 2022,
              "y": 28.772,
              "label": "22/23"
            },
            {
              "x": 2023,
              "y": 27.687,
              "label": "23/24"
            },
            {
              "x": 2024,
              "y": 27.411,
              "label": "24/25"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "unit": "%",
      "footer": "1994/95–2024/25 • GB before 2002/03; UK after. Administrative-linking break from 2021/22.",
      "breaks": [
        2002,
        2021
      ],
      "survey": true,
      "sources": [
        {
          "sha256": "955724894ab6f058728e505ebd319a79b32e946bdaae7d8cb7d7043554709449",
          "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/households-below-average-income-for-financial-years-ending-1995-to-2025",
          "note": "Break in series from 2021/22: survey answers linked to DWP and HMRC records; figures before and after are not comparable (DWP note 1).; Great Britain only before 2002/03 (DWP notes 10 and 11).; Disability definition changed in 2012/13 (DWP note 38)."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "kind": "bars",
      "title": "COULD PEOPLE\nAFFORD THE BASICS?",
      "rows": [
        {
          "label": "Without an essential",
          "value": 62
        },
        {
          "label": "Cut/skipped meals or hungry",
          "value": 47
        }
      ],
      "unit": "%",
      "footer": "JRF/Savanta • May–Jun 2026 • lowest-income 40%, n=4,121. Essentials: 6 months; food: 30 days.",
      "survey": true,
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.jrf.org.uk/cost-of-living/jrfs-cost-of-living-tracker-summer-2026",
          "retrieved": "2026-11-01",
          "sha256": "4d2b302944849c6f25360be9d0c0539bcc3145f6e639c809fd256684862f8e98",
          "method": "JRF/Savanta Cost of Living Tracker, 7 May–5 June 2026, 4,121 UK adults 18+ in the lowest 40% of equivalised household income. Weighted for age, gender, region, ethnicity and tenure. 62% went without at least one essential over six months; 47% cut/skipped meals or went hungry over 30 days. Different windows; do not add or infer overlap. Not all UK households."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "kind": "dumbbell",
      "title": "MEN: A 19-YEAR\nHEALTHY-LIFE GAP",
      "left": 49.8,
      "right": 69.2,
      "leftLabel": "Most deprived areas",
      "rightLabel": "Least deprived areas",
      "unit": "years",
      "footer": "England • 2022–24 • healthy life expectancy at birth, not an individual prognosis.",
      "survey": true,
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/healthinequalities/bulletins/healthylifeexpectancybynationalareadeprivationenglandandwales/between2013to2015and2022to2024",
          "note": "England 2022–24: men 49.8/69.2, women 48.2/68.5 most/least deprived deciles. Healthy life expectancy at birth, not age at first illness or individual prognosis."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "kind": "dumbbell",
      "title": "WOMEN: A 20-YEAR\nHEALTHY-LIFE GAP",
      "left": 48.2,
      "right": 68.5,
      "leftLabel": "Most deprived areas",
      "rightLabel": "Least deprived areas",
      "unit": "years",
      "footer": "England • 2022–24 • area deprivation is broader than income; association is not a causal estimate.",
      "survey": true,
      "sources": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/healthinequalities/bulletins/healthylifeexpectancybynationalareadeprivationenglandandwales/between2013to2015and2022to2024",
          "note": "England 2022–24: men 49.8/69.2, women 48.2/68.5 most/least deprived deciles. Healthy life expectancy at birth, not age at first illness or individual prognosis."
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "publishedCases": [
    {
      "label": "Steve’s experience of injury, lost work and food bank support — Trussell",
      "url": "https://www.trussell.org.uk/our-work/what-we-do/who-needs-food-banks"
    }
  ],
  "interpretation": "Survey feelings, measured outcomes and individual published cases are distinct evidence. Connections are not quantified causal effects. Historical dates and methodological breaks are retained. Builder checks are not independent analytical assurance."
}