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consumer borrowing outstanding","unit":"£ million","geography":"United Kingdom","frequency":"monthly","sourceId":"boe-lending","notes":["Amount still owed at the end of the month, in current pounds; adjusted for regular seasonal patterns. This is a balance, not new borrowing during the month.","UK individuals; consumer credit excludes Student Loans Company loans. These categories are not every household liability. Credit cards are included within total consumer credit: do not add them again.","Amounts outstanding are not adjusted for all changes in reporting coverage. Do not interpret a simple stock difference as net new borrowing or the Bank’s adjusted growth rate.","Independently rounded totals and components can differ slightly.","Includes overdrafts and other lending, such as relevant vehicle-finance agreements. This is not a standalone car-finance or buy-now-pay-later series."],"sourceSeries":"LPMB4TS","sourceDescription":"Monthly amounts outstanding of total (excluding the Student Loans Company) sterling consumer credit (excluding credit card) lending to individuals (in sterling millions) seasonally adjusted","measureType":"stock","breaks":[{"period":"1998-01","note":"Other specialist lenders exclude Channel Islands and Isle of Man institutions; levels were not break-adjusted."},{"period":"2010-01","note":"Securitised loans moved onto lenders’ balance sheets, affecting coverage."},{"period":"2024-04","note":"Other consumer-credit lender reporting transferred from ONS to the Bank of England, with a reporting-population change."},{"period":"2026-06","note":"A reporting reclassification added £0.9 billion to credit cards and removed it from other consumer credit; lending flows were adjusted."}],"seasonalAdjustment":"seasonally 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borrowing outstanding","unit":"£ million","geography":"United Kingdom","frequency":"monthly","sourceId":"boe-lending","notes":["Amount still owed at the end of the month, in current pounds; adjusted for regular seasonal patterns. This is a balance, not new borrowing during the month.","UK individuals; consumer credit excludes Student Loans Company loans. These categories are not every household liability. Credit cards are included within total consumer credit: do not add them again.","Amounts outstanding are not adjusted for all changes in reporting coverage. Do not interpret a simple stock difference as net new borrowing or the Bank’s adjusted growth rate.","Independently rounded totals and components can differ slightly."],"sourceSeries":"LPMVTXK","sourceDescription":"Monthly amounts outstanding of total sterling net secured lending to individuals (in sterling millions) seasonally adjusted","measureType":"stock","breaks":[{"period":"1998-01","note":"Other specialist lenders exclude Channel Islands and Isle of Man institutions; levels were not break-adjusted."},{"period":"2010-01","note":"Securitised loans moved onto lenders’ balance sheets, affecting coverage."}],"seasonalAdjustment":"seasonally 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015-12","value":1287064},{"period":"2016-01","value":1291091},{"period":"2016-02","value":1294581},{"period":"2016-03","value":1301747},{"period":"2016-04","value":1302391},{"period":"2016-05","value":1305078},{"period":"2016-06","value":1307119},{"period":"2016-07","value":1309976},{"period":"2016-08","value":1312964},{"period":"2016-09","value":1316477},{"period":"2016-10","value":1319908},{"period":"2016-11","value":1321139},{"period":"2016-12","value":1322663},{"period":"2017-01","value":1326369},{"period":"2017-02","value":1330469},{"period":"2017-03","value":1334534},{"period":"2017-04","value":1337414},{"period":"2017-05","value":1341714},{"period":"2017-06","value":1346304},{"period":"2017-07","value":1349586},{"period":"2017-08","value":1353412},{"period":"2017-09","value":1357253},{"period":"2017-10","value":1360736},{"period":"2017-11","value":1364730},{"period":"2017-12","value":1367618},{"period":"2018-01","value":1370821},{"period":"2018-02","value":1373745},{"period":"2018-03","value":1377768},{"period":"2018-04","value":1375938},{"period":"2018-05","value":1379122},{"period":"2018-06","value":1382709},{"period":"2018-07","value":1386353},{"period":"2018-08","value":1389820},{"period":"2018-09","value":1392977},{"period":"2018-10","value":1400220},{"period":"2018-11","value":1403799},{"period":"2018-12","value":1407473},{"period":"2019-01","value":1411046},{"period":"2019-02","value":1415192},{"period":"2019-03","value":1415112},{"period":"2019-04","value":1419108},{"period":"2019-05","value":1422163},{"period":"2019-06","value":1425630},{"period":"2019-07","value":1430057},{"period":"2019-08","value":1433379},{"period":"2019-09","value":1437273},{"period":"2019-10","value":1442019},{"period":"2019-11","value":1446120},{"period":"2019-12","value":1452724},{"period":"2020-01","value":1456795},{"period":"2020-02","value":1461871},{"period":"2020-03","value":1466745},{"period":"2020-04","value":1466893},{"period":"2020-05","value":1467236},{"period":"2020-06","value":1469090},{"period":"2020-07","value":1471851},{"period":"2020-08","value":1475085},{"period":"2020-09","value":1479840},{"period":"2020-10","value":1485559},{"period":"2020-11","value":1492527},{"period":"2020-12","value":1499091},{"period":"2021-01","value":1505418},{"period":"2021-02","value":1509171},{"period":"2021-03","value":1520570},{"period":"2021-04","value":1523716},{"period":"2021-05","value":1528521},{"period":"2021-06","value":1545599},{"period":"2021-07","value":1543075},{"period":"2021-08","value":1546775},{"period":"2021-09","value":1552347},{"period":"2021-10","value":1554940},{"period":"2021-11","value":1558612},{"period":"2021-12","value":1562249},{"period":"2022-01","value":1568541},{"period":"2022-02","value":1573791},{"period":"2022-03","value":1581521},{"period":"2022-04","value":1585138},{"period":"2022-05","value":1591464},{"period":"2022-06","value":1596455},{"period":"2022-07","value":1597470},{"period":"2022-08","value":1601003},{"period":"2022-09","value":1609236},{"period":"2022-10","value":1612388},{"period":"2022-11","value":1615871},{"period":"2022-12","value":1618658},{"period":"2023-01","value":1620989},{"period":"2023-02","value":1621866},{"period":"2023-03","value":1620508},{"period":"2023-04","value":1619112},{"period":"2023-05","value":1619240},{"period":"2023-06","value":1619247},{"period":"2023-07","value":1619612},{"period":"2023-08","value":1620921},{"period":"2023-09","value":1620032},{"period":"2023-10","value":1620714},{"period":"2023-11","value":1620365},{"period":"2023-12","value":1619540},{"period":"2024-01","value":1620552},{"period":"2024-02","value":1622397},{"period":"2024-03","value":1622861},{"period":"2024-04","value":1624813},{"period":"2024-05","value":1625872},{"period":"2024-06","value":1628308},{"period":"2024-07","value":1630963},{"period":"2024-08","value":1634150},{"period":"2024-09","value":1636693},{"period":"2024-10","value":1639638},{"period":"2024-11","value":1642478},{"period":"2024-12","value":1643930},{"period":"2025-01","value":1648817},{"period":"2025-02","value":1652514},{"period":"2025-03","value":1665654},{"period":"2025-04","value":1664061},{"period":"2025-05","value":1665992},{"period":"2025-06","value":1668596},{"period":"2025-07","value":1672722},{"period":"2025-08","value":1677502},{"period":"2025-09","value":1681860},{"period":"2025-10","value":1686442},{"period":"2025-11","value":1689247},{"period":"2025-12","value":1693563},{"period":"2026-01","value":1698149},{"period":"2026-02","value":1703411},{"period":"2026-03","value":1710063},{"period":"2026-04","value":1713483},{"period":"2026-05","value":1715069},{"period":"2026-06","value":1722160},{"period":"2026-07","value":1726374},{"period":"2026-08","value":1730867}]},{"id":"uk-card-interest-rate","title":"Interest rate on credit-card balances that incur interest","unit":"%","geography":"United Kingdom","frequency":"monthly","sourceId":"boe-lending","notes":["Weighted average effective interest rate reported by UK-resident banks; not seasonally adjusted. This is not an advertised offer or a rate available to every borrower.","This specific consistent series begins in 2016; no older advertised-rate series has been spliced onto it.","Covers balances that incur interest; excludes interest-free credit-card balances."],"sourceSeries":"CFMZ6IR","sourceDescription":"Monthly average of UK resident banks' sterling weighted average interest rate - credit card loans to Individuals and individual trusts (in percent) not seasonally adjusted","measureType":"rate","breaks":[],"seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","coverage":{"from":"2016-01","to":"2026-08","observations":128},"points":[{"period":"2016-01","value":18.27},{"period":"2016-02","value":18.63},{"period":"2016-03","value":18.44},{"period":"2016-04","value":18.4},{"period":"2016-05","value":18.38},{"period":"2016-06","value":18.42},{"period":"2016-07","value":18.34},{"period":"2016-08","value":18.29},{"period":"2016-09","value":18.46},{"period":"2016-10","value":18.33},{"period":"2016-11","value":18.36},{"period":"2016-12","value":18.2},{"period":"2017-01","value":18.19},{"period":"2017-02","value":18.48},{"period":"2017-03","value":18.18},{"period":"2017-04","value":18.21},{"period":"2017-05","value":18.21},{"period":"2017-06","value":18.33},{"period":"2017-07","value":18.23},{"period":"2017-08","value":18.07},{"period":"2017-09","value":18.2},{"period":"2017-10","value":18.17},{"period":"2017-11","value":18.25},{"period":"2017-12","value":18.17},{"period":"2018-01","value":18.6},{"period":"2018-02","value":18.5},{"period":"2018-03","value":18.48},{"period":"2018-04","value":18.26},{"period":"2018-05","value":18.35},{"period":"2018-06","value":18.38},{"period":"2018-07","value":18.39},{"period":"2018-08","value":18.42},{"period":"2018-09","value":18.66},{"period":"2018-10","value":18.55},{"period":"2018-11","value":18.53},{"period":"2018-12","value":18.48},{"period":"2019-01","value":18.49},{"period":"2019-02","value":18.7},{"period":"2019-03","value":18.44},{"period":"2019-04","value":18.35},{"period":"2019-05","value":18.44},{"period":"2019-06","value":18.45},{"period":"2019-07","value":18.42},{"period":"2019-08","value":18.19},{"period":"2019-09","value":18.71},{"period":"2019-10","value":18.48},{"period":"2019-11","value":18.45},{"period":"2019-12","value":18.35},{"period":"2020-01","value":18.52},{"period":"2020-02","value":18.55},{"period":"2020-03","value":18.41},{"period":"2020-04","value":18.54},{"period":"2020-05","value":18.36},{"period":"2020-06","value":17.94},{"period":"2020-07","value":17.94},{"period":"2020-08","value":17.95},{"period":"2020-09","value":17.94},{"period":"2020-10","value":17.96},{"period":"2020-11","value":17.49},{"period":"2020-12","value":17.76},{"period":"2021-01","value":18.03},{"period":"2021-02","value":18.18},{"period":"2021-03","value":18.01},{"period":"2021-04","value":17.7},{"period":"2021-05","value":17.83},{"period":"2021-06","value":18.09},{"period":"2021-07","value":17.72},{"period":"2021-08","value":17.89},{"period":"2021-09","value":17.65},{"period":"2021-10","value":17.88},{"period":"2021-11","value":17.92},{"period":"2021-12","value":17.86},{"period":"2022-01","value":18.28},{"period":"2022-02","value":18.26},{"period":"2022-03","value":18.01},{"period":"2022-04","value":18.08},{"period":"2022-05","value":18.37},{"period":"2022-06","value":18.56},{"period":"2022-07","value":18.57},{"period":"2022-08","value":18.66},{"period":"2022-09","value":18.96},{"period":"2022-10","value":19.31},{"period":"2022-11","value":19.24},{"period":"2022-12","value":19.55},{"period":"2023-01","value":19.94},{"period":"2023-02","value":20.11},{"period":"2023-03","value":20.29},{"period":"2023-04","value":20.13},{"period":"2023-05","value":20.44},{"period":"2023-06","value":20.42},{"period":"2023-07","value":20.76},{"period":"2023-08","value":20.77},{"period":"2023-09","value":20.89},{"period":"2023-10","value":21.05},{"period":"2023-11","value":20.94},{"period":"2023-12","value":20.86},{"period":"2024-01","value":21.29},{"period":"2024-02","value":21.55},{"period":"2024-03","value":21.26},{"period":"2024-04","value":21.46},{"period":"2024-05","value":21.65},{"period":"2024-06","value":21.28},{"period":"2024-07","value":21.61},{"period":"2024-08","value":21.59},{"period":"2024-09","value":21.7},{"period":"2024-10","value":21.74},{"period":"2024-11","value":21.54},{"period":"2024-12","value":21.57},{"period":"2025-01","value":21.85},{"period":"2025-02","value":21.82},{"period":"2025-03","value":21.54},{"period":"2025-04","value":21.45},{"period":"2025-05","value":21.54},{"period":"2025-06","value":21.49},{"period":"2025-07","value":21.65},{"period":"2025-08","value":21.42},{"period":"2025-09","value":21.44},{"period":"2025-10","value":21.54},{"period":"2025-11","value":21.6},{"period":"2025-12","value":21.56},{"period":"2026-01","value":21.75},{"period":"2026-02","value":21.65},{"period":"2026-03","value":21.63},{"period":"2026-04","value":21.2},{"period":"2026-05","value":21.45},{"period":"2026-06","value":21.49},{"period":"2026-07","value":21.45},{"period":"2026-08","value":21.55}]},{"id":"uk-personal-loan-rate","title":"Interest rate on new personal loans","unit":"%","geography":"United Kingdom","frequency":"monthly","sourceId":"boe-lending","notes":["Weighted average effective interest rate reported by UK-resident banks; not seasonally adjusted. This is not an advertised offer or a rate available to every borrower.","This specific consistent series begins in 2016; no older advertised-rate series has been spliced onto it.","Rate on new lending in the month, not on the whole stock of existing loans."],"sourceSeries":"CFMZ6K5","sourceDescription":"Monthly average of UK resident banks' sterling Weighted average interest rate - other loans - new advances to Individuals and individual trusts (in percent) not seasonally adjusted","measureType":"rate","breaks":[],"seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","coverage":{"from":"2016-01","to":"2026-08","observations":128},"points":[{"period":"2016-01","value":7.17},{"period":"2016-02","value":7.22},{"period":"2016-03","value":6.85},{"period":"2016-04","value":7.06},{"period":"2016-05","value":7.2},{"period":"2016-06","value":7.29},{"period":"2016-07","value":7.09},{"period":"2016-08","value":7.16},{"period":"2016-09","value":6.8},{"period":"2016-10","value":7.1},{"period":"2016-11","value":7.11},{"period":"2016-12","value":7.05},{"period":"2017-01","value":7.02},{"period":"2017-02","value":6.94},{"period":"2017-03","value":6.82},{"period":"2017-04","value":7.19},{"period":"2017-05","value":7.2},{"period":"2017-06","value":7.54},{"period":"2017-07","value":7.46},{"period":"2017-08","value":7.05},{"period":"2017-09","value":7.18},{"period":"2017-10","value":7.03},{"period":"2017-11","value":7.83},{"period":"2017-12","value":7.96},{"period":"2018-01","value":7.6},{"period":"2018-02","value":7.37},{"period":"2018-03","value":7.37},{"period":"2018-04","value":7.42},{"period":"2018-05","value":7.39},{"period":"2018-06","value":6.68},{"period":"2018-07","value":6.84},{"period":"2018-08","value":6.9},{"period":"2018-09","value":6.36},{"period":"2018-10","value":6.72},{"period":"2018-11","value":7.08},{"period":"2018-12","value":7.45},{"period":"2019-01","value":6.89},{"period":"2019-02","value":6.84},{"period":"2019-03","value":6.2},{"period":"2019-04","value":6.83},{"period":"2019-05","value":6.87},{"period":"2019-06","value":7.12},{"period":"2019-07","value":7.11},{"period":"2019-08","value":7.11},{"period":"2019-09","value":6.78},{"period":"2019-10","value":6.76},{"period":"2019-11","value":6.94},{"period":"2019-12","value":7.14},{"period":"2020-01","value":7.03},{"period":"2020-02","value":6.9},{"period":"2020-03","value":6.43},{"period":"2020-04","value":5.44},{"period":"2020-05","value":5.1},{"period":"2020-06","value":4.42},{"period":"2020-07","value":4.64},{"period":"2020-08","value":4.71},{"period":"2020-09","value":4.78},{"period":"2020-10","value":5.15},{"period":"2020-11","value":5.46},{"period":"2020-12","value":5.38},{"period":"2021-01","value":5.41},{"period":"2021-02","value":5.16},{"period":"2021-03","value":5.03},{"period":"2021-04","value":5.65},{"period":"2021-05","value":5.61},{"period":"2021-06","value":5.67},{"period":"2021-07","value":5.85},{"period":"2021-08","value":5.87},{"period":"2021-09","value":6.02},{"period":"2021-10","value":6.27},{"period":"2021-11","value":6.43},{"period":"2021-12","value":6.27},{"period":"2022-01","value":6.21},{"period":"2022-02","value":6.14},{"period":"2022-03","value":5.92},{"period":"2022-04","value":6.52},{"period":"2022-05","value":6.49},{"period":"2022-06","value":6.71},{"period":"2022-07","value":6.89},{"period":"2022-08","value":6.88},{"period":"2022-09","value":6.75},{"period":"2022-10","value":7.23},{"period":"2022-11","value":7.87},{"period":"2022-12","value":8.16},{"period":"2023-01","value":8.3},{"period":"2023-02","value":8.15},{"period":"2023-03","value":7.79},{"period":"2023-04","value":8.29},{"period":"2023-05","value":8.27},{"period":"2023-06","value":8.41},{"period":"2023-07","value":8.61},{"period":"2023-08","value":9.07},{"period":"2023-09","value":8.73},{"period":"2023-10","value":8.71},{"period":"2023-11","value":9.05},{"period":"2023-12","value":9.17},{"period":"2024-01","value":9.02},{"period":"2024-02","value":8.76},{"period":"2024-03","value":8.39},{"period":"2024-04","value":9.01},{"period":"2024-05","value":8.93},{"period":"2024-06","value":8.93},{"period":"2024-07","value":9.14},{"period":"2024-08","value":9.27},{"period":"2024-09","value":8.69},{"period":"2024-10","value":8.85},{"period":"2024-11","value":8.96},{"period":"2024-12","value":8.85},{"period":"2025-01","value":8.79},{"period":"2025-02","value":8.91},{"period":"2025-03","value":8.4},{"period":"2025-04","value":8.69},{"period":"2025-05","value":8.72},{"period":"2025-06","value":8.42},{"period":"2025-07","value":8.28},{"period":"2025-08","value":8.32},{"period":"2025-09","value":8.34},{"period":"2025-10","value":8.39},{"period":"2025-11","value":8.68},{"period":"2025-12","value":8.78},{"period":"2026-01","value":9.03},{"period":"2026-02","value":9.06},{"period":"2026-03","value":9.09},{"period":"2026-04","value":9.53},{"period":"2026-05","value":9.66},{"period":"2026-06","value":9.67},{"period":"2026-07","value":9.86},{"period":"2026-08","value":9.96}]},{"id":"uk-mortgage-interest-rate","title":"Interest rate on outstanding mortgages","unit":"%","geography":"United Kingdom","frequency":"monthly","sourceId":"boe-lending","notes":["Weighted average effective interest rate reported by UK-resident banks; not seasonally adjusted. This is not an advertised offer or a rate available to every borrower.","This specific consistent series begins in 2016; no older advertised-rate series has been spliced onto it."],"sourceSeries":"CFMZ6K6","sourceDescription":"Monthly average of UK resident banks' sterling weighted average interest rate - loans secured on dwellings to Individuals and individual trusts (in percent) not seasonally adjusted","measureType":"rate","breaks":[],"seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","coverage":{"from":"2016-01","to":"2026-08","observations":128},"points":[{"period":"2016-01","value":2.96},{"period":"2016-02","value":2.95},{"period":"2016-03","value":2.93},{"period":"2016-04","value":2.91},{"period":"2016-05","value":2.9},{"period":"2016-06","value":2.88},{"period":"2016-07","value":2.87},{"period":"2016-08","value":2.84},{"period":"2016-09","value":2.73},{"period":"2016-10","value":2.7},{"period":"2016-11","value":2.68},{"period":"2016-12","value":2.67},{"period":"2017-01","value":2.64},{"period":"2017-02","value":2.63},{"period":"2017-03","value":2.61},{"period":"2017-04","value":2.6},{"period":"2017-05","value":2.58},{"period":"2017-06","value":2.57},{"period":"2017-07","value":2.55},{"period":"2017-08","value":2.53},{"period":"2017-09","value":2.52},{"period":"2017-10","value":2.5},{"period":"2017-11","value":2.5},{"period":"2017-12","value":2.55},{"period":"2018-01","value":2.53},{"period":"2018-02","value":2.51},{"period":"2018-03","value":2.51},{"period":"2018-04","value":2.48},{"period":"2018-05","value":2.47},{"period":"2018-06","value":2.47},{"period":"2018-07","value":2.45},{"period":"2018-08","value":2.44},{"period":"2018-09","value":2.53},{"period":"2018-10","value":2.5},{"period":"2018-11","value":2.5},{"period":"2018-12","value":2.48},{"period":"2019-01","value":2.48},{"period":"2019-02","value":2.46},{"period":"2019-03","value":2.44},{"period":"2019-04","value":2.45},{"period":"2019-05","value":2.42},{"period":"2019-06","value":2.42},{"period":"2019-07","value":2.41},{"period":"2019-08","value":2.42},{"period":"2019-09","value":2.39},{"period":"2019-10","value":2.39},{"period":"2019-11","value":2.39},{"period":"2019-12","value":2.36},{"period":"2020-01","value":2.36},{"period":"2020-02","value":2.36},{"period":"2020-03","value":2.32},{"period":"2020-04","value":2.2},{"period":"2020-05","value":2.16},{"period":"2020-06","value":2.16},{"period":"2020-07","value":2.15},{"period":"2020-08","value":2.14},{"period":"2020-09","value":2.13},{"period":"2020-10","value":2.12},{"period":"2020-11","value":2.11},{"period":"2020-12","value":2.12},{"period":"2021-01","value":2.09},{"period":"2021-02","value":2.09},{"period":"2021-03","value":2.08},{"period":"2021-04","value":2.07},{"period":"2021-05","value":2.07},{"period":"2021-06","value":2.07},{"period":"2021-07","value":2.05},{"period":"2021-08","value":2.05},{"period":"2021-09","value":2.04},{"period":"2021-10","value":2.03},{"period":"2021-11","value":2.02},{"period":"2021-12","value":2},{"period":"2022-01","value":2.01},{"period":"2022-02","value":2.02},{"period":"2022-03","value":2.04},{"period":"2022-04","value":2.05},{"period":"2022-05","value":2.07},{"period":"2022-06","value":2.11},{"period":"2022-07","value":2.12},{"period":"2022-08","value":2.17},{"period":"2022-09","value":2.24},{"period":"2022-10","value":2.29},{"period":"2022-11","value":2.38},{"period":"2022-12","value":2.5},{"period":"2023-01","value":2.54},{"period":"2023-02","value":2.64},{"period":"2023-03","value":2.73},{"period":"2023-04","value":2.75},{"period":"2023-05","value":2.82},{"period":"2023-06","value":2.92},{"period":"2023-07","value":2.97},{"period":"2023-08","value":3.06},{"period":"2023-09","value":3.14},{"period":"2023-10","value":3.2},{"period":"2023-11","value":3.27},{"period":"2023-12","value":3.36},{"period":"2024-01","value":3.41},{"period":"2024-02","value":3.48},{"period":"2024-03","value":3.5},{"period":"2024-04","value":3.57},{"period":"2024-05","value":3.61},{"period":"2024-06","value":3.65},{"period":"2024-07","value":3.69},{"period":"2024-08","value":3.72},{"period":"2024-09","value":3.74},{"period":"2024-10","value":3.78},{"period":"2024-11","value":3.8},{"period":"2024-12","value":3.79},{"period":"2025-01","value":3.81},{"period":"2025-02","value":3.87},{"period":"2025-03","value":3.84},{"period":"2025-04","value":3.86},{"period":"2025-05","value":3.87},{"period":"2025-06","value":3.88},{"period":"2025-07","value":3.88},{"period":"2025-08","value":3.89},{"period":"2025-09","value":3.89},{"period":"2025-10","value":3.89},{"period":"2025-11","value":3.9},{"period":"2025-12","value":3.92},{"period":"2026-01","value":3.9},{"period":"2026-02","value":3.95},{"period":"2026-03","value":3.93},{"period":"2026-04","value":3.92},{"period":"2026-05","value":3.92},{"period":"2026-06","value":3.96},{"period":"2026-07","value":3.97},{"period":"2026-08","value":4}]},{"id":"uk-new-mortgage-interest-rate","title":"Interest rate on new mortgages","unit":"%","geography":"United Kingdom","frequency":"monthly","sourceId":"boe-lending","notes":["Weighted average effective interest rate reported by UK-resident banks; not seasonally adjusted. This is not an advertised offer or a rate available to every borrower.","This specific consistent series begins in 2016; no older advertised-rate series has been spliced onto it.","Rate on new lending in the month, not on the whole stock of existing loans."],"sourceSeries":"CFMZ6JM","sourceDescription":"Monthly average of UK resident banks' sterling weighted average interest rate - loans secured on dwellings - new advances to Individuals and individual trusts (in percent) not seasonally adjusted","measureType":"rate","breaks":[],"seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","coverage":{"from":"2016-01","to":"2026-08","observations":128},"points":[{"period":"2016-01","value":2.47},{"period":"2016-02","value":2.49},{"period":"2016-03","value":2.47},{"period":"2016-04","value":2.39},{"period":"2016-05","value":2.39},{"period":"2016-06","value":2.39},{"period":"2016-07","value":2.3},{"period":"2016-08","value":2.3},{"period":"2016-09","value":2.25},{"period":"2016-10","value":2.15},{"period":"2016-11","value":2.15},{"period":"2016-12","value":2.14},{"period":"2017-01","value":2.03},{"period":"2017-02","value":2.09},{"period":"2017-03","value":2.1},{"period":"2017-04","value":2.03},{"period":"2017-05","value":2.05},{"period":"2017-06","value":2.05},{"period":"2017-07","value":1.95},{"period":"2017-08","value":2},{"period":"2017-09","value":1.97},{"period":"2017-10","value":1.92},{"period":"2017-11","value":1.98},{"period":"2017-12","value":2.01},{"period":"2018-01","value":2.02},{"period":"2018-02","value":2.04},{"period":"2018-03","value":2.05},{"period":"2018-04","value":2.08},{"period":"2018-05","value":2.1},{"period":"2018-06","value":2.11},{"period":"2018-07","value":2.09},{"period":"2018-08","value":2.11},{"period":"2018-09","value":2.1},{"period":"2018-10","value":2.12},{"period":"2018-11","value":2.13},{"period":"2018-12","value":2.14},{"period":"2019-01","value":2.09},{"period":"2019-02","value":2.09},{"period":"2019-03","value":2.1},{"period":"2019-04","value":2.08},{"period":"2019-05","value":2.08},{"period":"2019-06","value":2.02},{"period":"2019-07","value":2.03},{"period":"2019-08","value":2.04},{"period":"2019-09","value":2},{"period":"2019-10","value":1.96},{"period":"2019-11","value":1.87},{"period":"2019-12","value":1.88},{"period":"2020-01","value":1.85},{"period":"2020-02","value":1.81},{"period":"2020-03","value":1.83},{"period":"2020-04","value":1.75},{"period":"2020-05","value":1.74},{"period":"2020-06","value":1.77},{"period":"2020-07","value":1.73},{"period":"2020-08","value":1.72},{"period":"2020-09","value":1.74},{"period":"2020-10","value":1.78},{"period":"2020-11","value":1.83},{"period":"2020-12","value":1.9},{"period":"2021-01","value":1.85},{"period":"2021-02","value":1.91},{"period":"2021-03","value":1.95},{"period":"2021-04","value":1.88},{"period":"2021-05","value":1.9},{"period":"2021-06","value":1.95},{"period":"2021-07","value":1.83},{"period":"2021-08","value":1.82},{"period":"2021-09","value":1.78},{"period":"2021-10","value":1.59},{"period":"2021-11","value":1.5},{"period":"2021-12","value":1.58},{"period":"2022-01","value":1.58},{"period":"2022-02","value":1.59},{"period":"2022-03","value":1.73},{"period":"2022-04","value":1.82},{"period":"2022-05","value":1.95},{"period":"2022-06","value":2.15},{"period":"2022-07","value":2.33},{"period":"2022-08","value":2.55},{"period":"2022-09","value":2.84},{"period":"2022-10","value":3.09},{"period":"2022-11","value":3.35},{"period":"2022-12","value":3.67},{"period":"2023-01","value":3.88},{"period":"2023-02","value":4.24},{"period":"2023-03","value":4.41},{"period":"2023-04","value":4.46},{"period":"2023-05","value":4.56},{"period":"2023-06","value":4.63},{"period":"2023-07","value":4.66},{"period":"2023-08","value":4.82},{"period":"2023-09","value":5.01},{"period":"2023-10","value":5.25},{"period":"2023-11","value":5.34},{"period":"2023-12","value":5.28},{"period":"2024-01","value":5.19},{"period":"2024-02","value":4.9},{"period":"2024-03","value":4.73},{"period":"2024-04","value":4.74},{"period":"2024-05","value":4.79},{"period":"2024-06","value":4.82},{"period":"2024-07","value":4.81},{"period":"2024-08","value":4.84},{"period":"2024-09","value":4.76},{"period":"2024-10","value":4.61},{"period":"2024-11","value":4.5},{"period":"2024-12","value":4.47},{"period":"2025-01","value":4.51},{"period":"2025-02","value":4.53},{"period":"2025-03","value":4.5},{"period":"2025-04","value":4.49},{"period":"2025-05","value":4.47},{"period":"2025-06","value":4.34},{"period":"2025-07","value":4.28},{"period":"2025-08","value":4.26},{"period":"2025-09","value":4.19},{"period":"2025-10","value":4.17},{"period":"2025-11","value":4.2},{"period":"2025-12","value":4.15},{"period":"2026-01","value":4.09},{"period":"2026-02","value":4.1},{"period":"2026-03","value":4.03},{"period":"2026-04","value":4.08},{"period":"2026-05","value":4.22},{"period":"2026-06","value":4.35},{"period":"2026-07","value":4.45},{"period":"2026-08","value":4.6}]},{"id":"uk-mortgage-write-offs","title":"Mortgage loans written off by banks and building societies","unit":"£ million","geography":"United Kingdom","frequency":"quarterly","sourceId":"boe-lending","notes":["Amount lenders wrote off during the quarter; not seasonally adjusted. This is not a default count, missed-payment total, impairment provision or amount of debt forgiven.","UK banks and, from 2008, building societies; other lenders are excluded. Reporting institutions are not grossed up to cover all lenders. Recoveries can produce negative net observations."],"sourceSeries":"RPQTFHD","sourceDescription":"Quarterly amounts UK resident monetary financial institutions' sterling write-offs of lending secured on dwellings to individuals (in sterling millions) not seasonally adjusted","measureType":"flow","breaks":[{"period":"1997-Q3","note":"Earlier mortgage write-offs are estimates rather than returns on Bank statistical forms."},{"period":"2008-Q1","note":"Building-society write-offs added; earlier figures cover banks only."},{"period":"2010-Q1","note":"Securitised loans brought onto institutions’ balance sheets changed coverage."}],"seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","coverage":{"from":"1993-Q1","to":"2026-Q2","observations":134},"points":[{"period":"1993-Q1","value":46},{"period":"1993-Q2","value":73},{"period":"1993-Q3","value":84},{"period":"1993-Q4","value":74},{"period":"1994-Q1","value":96},{"period":"1994-Q2","value":50},{"period":"1994-Q3","value":65},{"period":"1994-Q4","value":51},{"period":"1995-Q1","value":33},{"period":"1995-Q2","value":21},{"period":"1995-Q3","value":46},{"period":"1995-Q4","value":42},{"period":"1996-Q1","value":39},{"period":"1996-Q2","value":39},{"period":"1996-Q3","value":30},{"period":"1996-Q4","value":41},{"period":"1997-Q1","value":33},{"period":"1997-Q2","value":38},{"period":"1997-Q3","value":60},{"period":"1997-Q4","value":104},{"period":"1998-Q1","value":72},{"period":"1998-Q2","value":40},{"period":"1998-Q3","value":48},{"period":"1998-Q4","value":77},{"period":"1999-Q1","value":43},{"period":"1999-Q2","value":57},{"period":"1999-Q3","value":61},{"period":"1999-Q4","value":58},{"period":"2000-Q1","value":37},{"period":"2000-Q2","value":33},{"period":"2000-Q3","value":34},{"period":"2000-Q4","value":37},{"period":"2001-Q1","value":23},{"period":"2001-Q2","value":25},{"period":"2001-Q3","value":25},{"period":"2001-Q4","value":32},{"period":"2002-Q1","value":14},{"period":"2002-Q2","value":10},{"period":"2002-Q3","value":12},{"period":"2002-Q4","value":15},{"period":"2003-Q1","value":17},{"period":"2003-Q2","value":33},{"period":"2003-Q3","value":27},{"period":"2003-Q4","value":18},{"period":"2004-Q1","value":6},{"period":"2004-Q2","value":5},{"period":"2004-Q3","value":4},{"period":"2004-Q4","value":5},{"period":"2005-Q1","value":7},{"period":"2005-Q2","value":8},{"period":"2005-Q3","value":14},{"period":"2005-Q4","value":14},{"period":"2006-Q1","value":25},{"period":"2006-Q2","value":41},{"period":"2006-Q3","value":44},{"period":"2006-Q4","value":53},{"period":"2007-Q1","value":57},{"period":"2007-Q2","value":38},{"period":"2007-Q3","value":41},{"period":"2007-Q4","value":29},{"period":"2008-Q1","value":35},{"period":"2008-Q2","value":56},{"period":"2008-Q3","value":113},{"period":"2008-Q4","value":204},{"period":"2009-Q1","value":246},{"period":"2009-Q2","value":270},{"period":"2009-Q3","value":263},{"period":"2009-Q4","value":205},{"period":"2010-Q1","value":164},{"period":"2010-Q2","value":189},{"period":"2010-Q3","value":137},{"period":"2010-Q4","value":168},{"period":"2011-Q1","value":156},{"period":"2011-Q2","value":148},{"period":"2011-Q3","value":136},{"period":"2011-Q4","value":149},{"period":"2012-Q1","value":132},{"period":"2012-Q2","value":143},{"period":"2012-Q3","value":124},{"period":"2012-Q4","value":148},{"period":"2013-Q1","value":128},{"period":"2013-Q2","value":130},{"period":"2013-Q3","value":134},{"period":"2013-Q4","value":272},{"period":"2014-Q1","value":136},{"period":"2014-Q2","value":112},{"period":"2014-Q3","value":120},{"period":"2014-Q4","value":106},{"period":"2015-Q1","value":82},{"period":"2015-Q2","value":62},{"period":"2015-Q3","value":56},{"period":"2015-Q4","value":233},{"period":"2016-Q1","value":45},{"period":"2016-Q2","value":35},{"period":"2016-Q3","value":35},{"period":"2016-Q4","value":10},{"period":"2017-Q1","value":4},{"period":"2017-Q2","value":28},{"period":"2017-Q3","value":30},{"period":"2017-Q4","value":38},{"period":"2018-Q1","value":21},{"period":"2018-Q2","value":33},{"period":"2018-Q3","value":37},{"period":"2018-Q4","value":39},{"period":"2019-Q1","value":41},{"period":"2019-Q2","value":55},{"period":"2019-Q3","value":43},{"period":"2019-Q4","value":49},{"period":"2020-Q1","value":37},{"period":"2020-Q2","value":30},{"period":"2020-Q3","value":17},{"period":"2020-Q4","value":27},{"period":"2021-Q1","value":20},{"period":"2021-Q2","value":17},{"period":"2021-Q3","value":18},{"period":"2021-Q4","value":17},{"period":"2022-Q1","value":3},{"period":"2022-Q2","value":12},{"period":"2022-Q3","value":16},{"period":"2022-Q4","value":-5},{"period":"2023-Q1","value":13},{"period":"2023-Q2","value":13},{"period":"2023-Q3","value":9},{"period":"2023-Q4","value":27},{"period":"2024-Q1","value":15},{"period":"2024-Q2","value":20},{"period":"2024-Q3","value":17},{"period":"2024-Q4","value":28},{"period":"2025-Q1","value":15},{"period":"2025-Q2","value":28},{"period":"2025-Q3","value":33},{"period":"2025-Q4","value":53},{"period":"2026-Q1","value":35},{"period":"2026-Q2","value":35}]},{"id":"uk-card-write-offs","title":"Credit-card loans written off by banks and building societies","unit":"£ million","geography":"United Kingdom","frequency":"quarterly","sourceId":"boe-lending","notes":["Amount lenders wrote off during the quarter; not seasonally adjusted. This is not a default count, missed-payment total, impairment provision or amount of debt forgiven.","UK banks and, from 2008, building societies; other lenders are excluded. Reporting institutions are not grossed up to cover all lenders. Recoveries can produce negative net observations."],"sourceSeries":"RPQTFHE","sourceDescription":"Quarterly amounts UK resident monetary financial institutions' sterling write-offs of credit card lending to individuals (in sterling millions) not seasonally adjusted","measureType":"flow","breaks":[{"period":"2008-Q1","note":"Building-society write-offs added; earlier figures cover banks only."},{"period":"2010-Q1","note":"Securitised loans brought onto institutions’ balance sheets changed coverage."}],"seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","coverage":{"from":"1993-Q1","to":"2026-Q2","observations":134},"points":[{"period":"1993-Q1","value":16},{"period":"1993-Q2","value":161},{"period":"1993-Q3","value":61},{"period":"1993-Q4","value":45},{"period":"1994-Q1","value":46},{"period":"1994-Q2","value":43},{"period":"1994-Q3","value":47},{"period":"1994-Q4","value":34},{"period":"1995-Q1","value":37},{"period":"1995-Q2","value":33},{"period":"1995-Q3","value":34},{"period":"1995-Q4","value":35},{"period":"1996-Q1","value":37},{"period":"1996-Q2","value":43},{"period":"1996-Q3","value":50},{"period":"1996-Q4","value":65},{"period":"1997-Q1","value":53},{"period":"1997-Q2","value":61},{"period":"1997-Q3","value":63},{"period":"1997-Q4","value":68},{"period":"1998-Q1","value":75},{"period":"1998-Q2","value":70},{"period":"1998-Q3","value":78},{"period":"1998-Q4","value":105},{"period":"1999-Q1","value":100},{"period":"1999-Q2","value":117},{"period":"1999-Q3","value":164},{"period":"1999-Q4","value":109},{"period":"2000-Q1","value":168},{"period":"2000-Q2","value":179},{"period":"2000-Q3","value":173},{"period":"2000-Q4","value":178},{"period":"2001-Q1","value":201},{"period":"2001-Q2","value":226},{"period":"2001-Q3","value":210},{"period":"2001-Q4","value":239},{"period":"2002-Q1","value":264},{"period":"2002-Q2","value":236},{"period":"2002-Q3","value":259},{"period":"2002-Q4","value":301},{"period":"2003-Q1","value":535},{"period":"2003-Q2","value":343},{"period":"2003-Q3","value":322},{"period":"2003-Q4","value":370},{"period":"2004-Q1","value":381},{"period":"2004-Q2","value":361},{"period":"2004-Q3","value":488},{"period":"2004-Q4","value":434},{"period":"2005-Q1","value":494},{"period":"2005-Q2","value":482},{"period":"2005-Q3","value":628},{"period":"2005-Q4","value":581},{"period":"2006-Q1","value":624},{"period":"2006-Q2","value":688},{"period":"2006-Q3","value":738},{"period":"2006-Q4","value":747},{"period":"2007-Q1","value":902},{"period":"2007-Q2","value":819},{"period":"2007-Q3","value":703},{"period":"2007-Q4","value":689},{"period":"2008-Q1","value":680},{"period":"2008-Q2","value":929},{"period":"2008-Q3","value":747},{"period":"2008-Q4","value":844},{"period":"2009-Q1","value":843},{"period":"2009-Q2","value":1449},{"period":"2009-Q3","value":931},{"period":"2009-Q4","value":894},{"period":"2010-Q1","value":1254},{"period":"2010-Q2","value":2138},{"period":"2010-Q3","value":740},{"period":"2010-Q4","value":1183},{"period":"2011-Q1","value":866},{"period":"2011-Q2","value":1154},{"period":"2011-Q3","value":716},{"period":"2011-Q4","value":907},{"period":"2012-Q1","value":568},{"period":"2012-Q2","value":567},{"period":"2012-Q3","value":473},{"period":"2012-Q4","value":469},{"period":"2013-Q1","value":385},{"period":"2013-Q2","value":371},{"period":"2013-Q3","value":397},{"period":"2013-Q4","value":560},{"period":"2014-Q1","value":319},{"period":"2014-Q2","value":324},{"period":"2014-Q3","value":308},{"period":"2014-Q4","value":393},{"period":"2015-Q1","value":317},{"period":"2015-Q2","value":217},{"period":"2015-Q3","value":552},{"period":"2015-Q4","value":356},{"period":"2016-Q1","value":320},{"period":"2016-Q2","value":285},{"period":"2016-Q3","value":584},{"period":"2016-Q4","value":394},{"period":"2017-Q1","value":357},{"period":"2017-Q2","value":386},{"period":"2017-Q3","value":361},{"period":"2017-Q4","value":459},{"period":"2018-Q1","value":318},{"period":"2018-Q2","value":304},{"period":"2018-Q3","value":443},{"period":"2018-Q4","value":412},{"period":"2019-Q1","value":432},{"period":"2019-Q2","value":414},{"period":"2019-Q3","value":347},{"period":"2019-Q4","value":459},{"period":"2020-Q1","value":339},{"period":"2020-Q2","value":358},{"period":"2020-Q3","value":365},{"period":"2020-Q4","value":292},{"period":"2021-Q1","value":355},{"period":"2021-Q2","value":336},{"period":"2021-Q3","value":335},{"period":"2021-Q4","value":214},{"period":"2022-Q1","value":270},{"period":"2022-Q2","value":247},{"period":"2022-Q3","value":279},{"period":"2022-Q4","value":359},{"period":"2023-Q1","value":271},{"period":"2023-Q2","value":282},{"period":"2023-Q3","value":264},{"period":"2023-Q4","value":263},{"period":"2024-Q1","value":312},{"period":"2024-Q2","value":288},{"period":"2024-Q3","value":291},{"period":"2024-Q4","value":280},{"period":"2025-Q1","value":286},{"period":"2025-Q2","value":284},{"period":"2025-Q3","value":286},{"period":"2025-Q4","value":349},{"period":"2026-Q1","value":335},{"period":"2026-Q2","value":376}]},{"id":"uk-other-credit-write-offs","title":"Other personal loans written off by banks and building societies","unit":"£ million","geography":"United Kingdom","frequency":"quarterly","sourceId":"boe-lending","notes":["Amount lenders wrote off during the quarter; not seasonally adjusted. This is not a default count, missed-payment total, impairment provision or amount of debt forgiven.","UK banks and, from 2008, building societies; other lenders are excluded. Reporting institutions are not grossed up to cover all lenders. Recoveries can produce negative net observations."],"sourceSeries":"RPQTFHF","sourceDescription":"Quarterly amounts UK resident monetary financial institutions' sterling write-offs of other lending to individuals (in sterling millions) not seasonally adjusted","measureType":"flow","breaks":[{"period":"2008-Q1","note":"Building-society write-offs added; earlier figures cover banks only."},{"period":"2010-Q1","note":"Securitised loans brought onto institutions’ balance sheets changed coverage."}],"seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","coverage":{"from":"1993-Q1","to":"2026-Q2","observations":134},"points":[{"period":"1993-Q1","value":267},{"period":"1993-Q2","value":179},{"period":"1993-Q3","value":193},{"period":"1993-Q4","value":304},{"period":"1994-Q1","value":228},{"period":"1994-Q2","value":182},{"period":"1994-Q3","value":198},{"period":"1994-Q4","value":237},{"period":"1995-Q1","value":224},{"period":"1995-Q2","value":181},{"period":"1995-Q3","value":215},{"period":"1995-Q4","value":346},{"period":"1996-Q1","value":279},{"period":"1996-Q2","value":240},{"period":"1996-Q3","value":231},{"period":"1996-Q4","value":316},{"period":"1997-Q1","value":300},{"period":"1997-Q2","value":217},{"period":"1997-Q3","value":252},{"period":"1997-Q4","value":225},{"period":"1998-Q1","value":203},{"period":"1998-Q2","value":205},{"period":"1998-Q3","value":206},{"period":"1998-Q4","value":240},{"period":"1999-Q1","value":266},{"period":"1999-Q2","value":285},{"period":"1999-Q3","value":275},{"period":"1999-Q4","value":394},{"period":"2000-Q1","value":259},{"period":"2000-Q2","value":235},{"period":"2000-Q3","value":253},{"period":"2000-Q4","value":345},{"period":"2001-Q1","value":325},{"period":"2001-Q2","value":331},{"period":"2001-Q3","value":351},{"period":"2001-Q4","value":405},{"period":"2002-Q1","value":524},{"period":"2002-Q2","value":390},{"period":"2002-Q3","value":446},{"period":"2002-Q4","value":542},{"period":"2003-Q1","value":491},{"period":"2003-Q2","value":463},{"period":"2003-Q3","value":524},{"period":"2003-Q4","value":469},{"period":"2004-Q1","value":493},{"period":"2004-Q2","value":593},{"period":"2004-Q3","value":489},{"period":"2004-Q4","value":633},{"period":"2005-Q1","value":512},{"period":"2005-Q2","value":793},{"period":"2005-Q3","value":684},{"period":"2005-Q4","value":1597},{"period":"2006-Q1","value":836},{"period":"2006-Q2","value":821},{"period":"2006-Q3","value":946},{"period":"2006-Q4","value":1186},{"period":"2007-Q1","value":914},{"period":"2007-Q2","value":1018},{"period":"2007-Q3","value":699},{"period":"2007-Q4","value":898},{"period":"2008-Q1","value":641},{"period":"2008-Q2","value":976},{"period":"2008-Q3","value":762},{"period":"2008-Q4","value":865},{"period":"2009-Q1","value":786},{"period":"2009-Q2","value":986},{"period":"2009-Q3","value":1024},{"period":"2009-Q4","value":1799},{"period":"2010-Q1","value":718},{"period":"2010-Q2","value":1151},{"period":"2010-Q3","value":959},{"period":"2010-Q4","value":925},{"period":"2011-Q1","value":858},{"period":"2011-Q2","value":760},{"period":"2011-Q3","value":579},{"period":"2011-Q4","value":425},{"period":"2012-Q1","value":588},{"period":"2012-Q2","value":435},{"period":"2012-Q3","value":445},{"period":"2012-Q4","value":381},{"period":"2013-Q1","value":419},{"period":"2013-Q2","value":194},{"period":"2013-Q3","value":477},{"period":"2013-Q4","value":219},{"period":"2014-Q1","value":214},{"period":"2014-Q2","value":287},{"period":"2014-Q3","value":439},{"period":"2014-Q4","value":253},{"period":"2015-Q1","value":422},{"period":"2015-Q2","value":230},{"period":"2015-Q3","value":190},{"period":"2015-Q4","value":458},{"period":"2016-Q1","value":259},{"period":"2016-Q2","value":182},{"period":"2016-Q3","value":182},{"period":"2016-Q4","value":237},{"period":"2017-Q1","value":149},{"period":"2017-Q2","value":136},{"period":"2017-Q3","value":185},{"period":"2017-Q4","value":140},{"period":"2018-Q1","value":228},{"period":"2018-Q2","value":282},{"period":"2018-Q3","value":342},{"period":"2018-Q4","value":305},{"period":"2019-Q1","value":341},{"period":"2019-Q2","value":353},{"period":"2019-Q3","value":456},{"period":"2019-Q4","value":433},{"period":"2020-Q1","value":386},{"period":"2020-Q2","value":279},{"period":"2020-Q3","value":264},{"period":"2020-Q4","value":340},{"period":"2021-Q1","value":320},{"period":"2021-Q2","value":354},{"period":"2021-Q3","value":388},{"period":"2021-Q4","value":266},{"period":"2022-Q1","value":272},{"period":"2022-Q2","value":219},{"period":"2022-Q3","value":270},{"period":"2022-Q4","value":481},{"period":"2023-Q1","value":211},{"period":"2023-Q2","value":226},{"period":"2023-Q3","value":238},{"period":"2023-Q4","value":322},{"period":"2024-Q1","value":168},{"period":"2024-Q2","value":157},{"period":"2024-Q3","value":124},{"period":"2024-Q4","value":104},{"period":"2025-Q1","value":213},{"period":"2025-Q2","value":297},{"period":"2025-Q3","value":123},{"period":"2025-Q4","value":127},{"period":"2026-Q1","value":146},{"period":"2026-Q2","value":246}]},{"id":"uk-debt-to-income","title":"Household debt compared with annual disposable income","unit":"%","geography":"United Kingdom","frequency":"quarterly","sourceId":"ons-debt-income","notes":["An economy-wide household-sector ratio, not the debt of a typical person or the share of income paid in repayments.","Income is what the household sector has available after taxes and benefits. This ratio is different from the G7 debt-to-GDP comparison below.","The latest release revises earlier periods; the whole history uses one downloaded release."],"sourceSeries":"CVZI","measureType":"ratio","denominator":"Aggregate household disposable income","seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","coverage":{"from":"1987-Q1","to":"2026-Q2","observations":158},"points":[{"period":"1987-Q1","value":76.8},{"period":"1987-Q2","value":78.8},{"period":"1987-Q3","value":80.8},{"period":"1987-Q4","value":83.1},{"period":"1988-Q1","value":84},{"period":"1988-Q2","value":86.3},{"period":"1988-Q3","value":89.1},{"period":"1988-Q4","value":90.6},{"period":"1989-Q1","value":91.3},{"period":"1989-Q2","value":92.6},{"period":"1989-Q3","value":93.3},{"period":"1989-Q4","value":93.8},{"period":"1990-Q1","value":93.5},{"period":"1990-Q2","value":94.7},{"period":"1990-Q3","value":95},{"period":"1990-Q4","value":94.4},{"period":"1991-Q1","value":93.2},{"period":"1991-Q2","value":93.5},{"period":"1991-Q3","value":92.9},{"period":"1991-Q4","value":91.8},{"period":"1992-Q1","value":90.5},{"period":"1992-Q2","value":89.6},{"period":"1992-Q3","value":90},{"period":"1992-Q4","value":89.3},{"period":"1993-Q1","value":88.5},{"period":"1993-Q2","value":88.1},{"period":"1993-Q3","value":88.1},{"period":"1993-Q4","value":88.1},{"period":"1994-Q1","value":88},{"period":"1994-Q2","value":88.4},{"period":"1994-Q3","value":88.9},{"period":"1994-Q4","value":89.7},{"period":"1995-Q1","value":89.3},{"period":"1995-Q2","value":89},{"period":"1995-Q3","value":89.1},{"period":"1995-Q4","value":88.5},{"period":"1996-Q1","value":87.6},{"period":"1996-Q2","value":87.4},{"period":"1996-Q3","value":87.2},{"period":"1996-Q4","value":86.9},{"period":"1997-Q1","value":86.7},{"period":"1997-Q2","value":87.4},{"period":"1997-Q3","value":87.9},{"period":"1997-Q4","value":88.3},{"period":"1998-Q1","value":90.3},{"period":"1998-Q2","value":91.2},{"period":"1998-Q3","value":92.9},{"period":"1998-Q4","value":93.7},{"period":"1999-Q1","value":95.3},{"period":"1999-Q2","value":95.9},{"period":"1999-Q3","value":97.2},{"period":"1999-Q4","value":98.5},{"period":"2000-Q1","value":98.6},{"period":"2000-Q2","value":100.6},{"period":"2000-Q3","value":101.2},{"period":"2000-Q4","value":101.8},{"period":"2001-Q1","value":102.3},{"period":"2001-Q2","value":103.6},{"period":"2001-Q3","value":105.6},{"period":"2001-Q4","value":107.8},{"period":"2002-Q1","value":110},{"period":"2002-Q2","value":112.3},{"period":"2002-Q3","value":115.7},{"period":"2002-Q4","value":118.2},{"period":"2003-Q1","value":119.9},{"period":"2003-Q2","value":122.9},{"period":"2003-Q3","value":125.9},{"period":"2003-Q4","value":128.7},{"period":"2004-Q1","value":131},{"period":"2004-Q2","value":133.5},{"period":"2004-Q3","value":136.2},{"period":"2004-Q4","value":138.4},{"period":"2005-Q1","value":139},{"period":"2005-Q2","value":141.1},{"period":"2005-Q3","value":142.4},{"period":"2005-Q4","value":143.7},{"period":"2006-Q1","value":144.6},{"period":"2006-Q2","value":146.6},{"period":"2006-Q3","value":149.5},{"period":"2006-Q4","value":151.1},{"period":"2007-Q1","value":151.7},{"period":"2007-Q2","value":153.4},{"period":"2007-Q3","value":154.9},{"period":"2007-Q4","value":155.2},{"period":"2008-Q1","value":156.4},{"period":"2008-Q2","value":156.5},{"period":"2008-Q3","value":156.7},{"period":"2008-Q4","value":155.1},{"period":"2009-Q1","value":154.1},{"period":"2009-Q2","value":152.9},{"period":"2009-Q3","value":151.8},{"period":"2009-Q4","value":151.5},{"period":"2010-Q1","value":151.2},{"period":"2010-Q2","value":150.5},{"period":"2010-Q3","value":150.5},{"period":"2010-Q4","value":149.7},{"period":"2011-Q1","value":149.2},{"period":"2011-Q2","value":148.7},{"period":"2011-Q3","value":148},{"period":"2011-Q4","value":146.8},{"period":"2012-Q1","value":144.9},{"period":"2012-Q2","value":144},{"period":"2012-Q3","value":143.5},{"period":"2012-Q4","value":142.3},{"period":"2013-Q1","value":142.4},{"period":"2013-Q2","value":141.9},{"period":"2013-Q3","value":140.9},{"period":"2013-Q4","value":139.6},{"period":"2014-Q1","value":137.9},{"period":"2014-Q2","value":137.1},{"period":"2014-Q3","value":137.2},{"period":"2014-Q4","value":137.3},{"period":"2015-Q1","value":136.9},{"period":"2015-Q2","value":136},{"period":"2015-Q3","value":134.4},{"period":"2015-Q4","value":133},{"period":"2016-Q1","value":132.9},{"period":"2016-Q2","value":133.6},{"period":"2016-Q3","value":134.8},{"period":"2016-Q4","value":135.6},{"period":"2017-Q1","value":137.2},{"period":"2017-Q2","value":136.7},{"period":"2017-Q3","value":136.9},{"period":"2017-Q4","value":136.1},{"period":"2018-Q1","value":134.5},{"period":"2018-Q2","value":134.2},{"period":"2018-Q3","value":134.5},{"period":"2018-Q4","value":133.9},{"period":"2019-Q1","value":131.9},{"period":"2019-Q2","value":132},{"period":"2019-Q3","value":132},{"period":"2019-Q4","value":131.9},{"period":"2020-Q1","value":131.8},{"period":"2020-Q2","value":132.4},{"period":"2020-Q3","value":133.7},{"period":"2020-Q4","value":134.9},{"period":"2021-Q1","value":134.5},{"period":"2021-Q2","value":134.3},{"period":"2021-Q3","value":133.6},{"period":"2021-Q4","value":132.3},{"period":"2022-Q1","value":132.7},{"period":"2022-Q2","value":132.6},{"period":"2022-Q3","value":132.4},{"period":"2022-Q4","value":130.2},{"period":"2023-Q1","value":127.9},{"period":"2023-Q2","value":125.2},{"period":"2023-Q3","value":124.3},{"period":"2023-Q4","value":123.1},{"period":"2024-Q1","value":121.8},{"period":"2024-Q2","value":121},{"period":"2024-Q3","value":120.2},{"period":"2024-Q4","value":118.2},{"period":"2025-Q1","value":117.2},{"period":"2025-Q2","value":116.1},{"period":"2025-Q3","value":116.2},{"period":"2025-Q4","value":116.6},{"period":"2026-Q1","value":116.4},{"period":"2026-Q2","value":116.5}]},{"id":"g7-household-debt-gdp-ca","title":"Canada","unit":"%","geography":"Canada","frequency":"quarterly","sourceId":"bis-household-credit","notes":["Households and non-profit institutions serving households; borrowing from all sectors, including overseas lenders.","Quarter-end gross debt divided by the previous four quarters of economic output. Assets are not subtracted. This is not debt as a share of household income or a repayment burden.","BIS adjusts the histories for breaks. National accounting and lending-market differences still matter; the figures alone do not rank financial wellbeing."],"geographyCode":"CA","comparisonGroup":"g7-household-debt-gdp","sourceSeries":"Q.CA.H.A.M.770.A","measureType":"ratio","denominator":"Gross domestic product over the last four quarters","seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","coverage":{"from":"1995-Q1","to":"2026-Q1","observations":125},"points":[{"period":"1995-Q1","value":59.5},{"period":"1995-Q2","value":59.4},{"period":"1995-Q3","value":59.9},{"period":"1995-Q4","value":59.9},{"period":"1996-Q1","value":60},{"period":"1996-Q2","value":60.5},{"period":"1996-Q3","value":60.8},{"period":"1996-Q4","value":61.1},{"period":"1997-Q1","value":61.1},{"period":"1997-Q2","value":61.2},{"period":"1997-Q3","value":61.7},{"period":"1997-Q4","value":62},{"period":"1998-Q1","value":62.3},{"period":"1998-Q2","value":62.8},{"period":"1998-Q3","value":64},{"period":"1998-Q4","value":64.3},{"period":"1999-Q1","value":63.9},{"period":"1999-Q2","value":64.1},{"period":"1999-Q3","value":63.6},{"period":"1999-Q4","value":63.3},{"period":"2000-Q1","value":63},{"period":"2000-Q2","value":62.2},{"period":"2000-Q3","value":61.9},{"period":"2000-Q4","value":61.4},{"period":"2001-Q1","value":60.5},{"period":"2001-Q2","value":60.9},{"period":"2001-Q3","value":61.8},{"period":"2001-Q4","value":62.8},{"period":"2002-Q1","value":63.4},{"period":"2002-Q2","value":64.6},{"period":"2002-Q3","value":65.1},{"period":"2002-Q4","value":65},{"period":"2003-Q1","value":64.2},{"period":"2003-Q2","value":65},{"period":"2003-Q3","value":66},{"period":"2003-Q4","value":66.9},{"period":"2004-Q1","value":67.2},{"period":"2004-Q2","value":68.4},{"period":"2004-Q3","value":69.1},{"period":"2004-Q4","value":69.7},{"period":"2005-Q1","value":70},{"period":"2005-Q2","value":71.1},{"period":"2005-Q3","value":72},{"period":"2005-Q4","value":72.3},{"period":"2006-Q1","value":72.4},{"period":"2006-Q2","value":73.1},{"period":"2006-Q3","value":74.4},{"period":"2006-Q4","value":75.9},{"period":"2007-Q1","value":76.9},{"period":"2007-Q2","value":78.6},{"period":"2007-Q3","value":80},{"period":"2007-Q4","value":80.8},{"period":"2008-Q1","value":80.8},{"period":"2008-Q2","value":81.8},{"period":"2008-Q3","value":82.5},{"period":"2008-Q4","value":83.5},{"period":"2009-Q1","value":85.4},{"period":"2009-Q2","value":89.2},{"period":"2009-Q3","value":93},{"period":"2009-Q4","value":95},{"period":"2010-Q1","value":94.3},{"period":"2010-Q2","value":94.8},{"period":"2010-Q3","value":94.9},{"period":"2010-Q4","value":94.9},{"period":"2011-Q1","value":94.4},{"period":"2011-Q2","value":94.9},{"period":"2011-Q3","value":94.9},{"period":"2011-Q4","value":94.2},{"period":"2012-Q1","value":93.6},{"period":"2012-Q2","value":94.3},{"period":"2012-Q3","value":95.1},{"period":"2012-Q4","value":95.5},{"period":"2013-Q1","value":95.1},{"period":"2013-Q2","value":95.6},{"period":"2013-Q3","value":96},{"period":"2013-Q4","value":95.7},{"period":"2014-Q1","value":95},{"period":"2014-Q2","value":95.2},{"period":"2014-Q3","value":95.5},{"period":"2014-Q4","value":95.4},{"period":"2015-Q1","value":95.7},{"period":"2015-Q2","value":97.7},{"period":"2015-Q3","value":99.6},{"period":"2015-Q4","value":101.1},{"period":"2016-Q1","value":101.6},{"period":"2016-Q2","value":103.5},{"period":"2016-Q3","value":104.6},{"period":"2016-Q4","value":104.9},{"period":"2017-Q1","value":104.5},{"period":"2017-Q2","value":104.8},{"period":"2017-Q3","value":104.9},{"period":"2017-Q4","value":104.5},{"period":"2018-Q1","value":103.8},{"period":"2018-Q2","value":104},{"period":"2018-Q3","value":103.9},{"period":"2018-Q4","value":104.2},{"period":"2019-Q1","value":103.7},{"period":"2019-Q2","value":104.4},{"period":"2019-Q3","value":104.9},{"period":"2019-Q4","value":104.5},{"period":"2020-Q1","value":104.6},{"period":"2020-Q2","value":108.6},{"period":"2020-Q3","value":111.4},{"period":"2020-Q4","value":113.2},{"period":"2021-Q1","value":112},{"period":"2021-Q2","value":109.6},{"period":"2021-Q3","value":108.3},{"period":"2021-Q4","value":106.8},{"period":"2022-Q1","value":104.8},{"period":"2022-Q2","value":103.6},{"period":"2022-Q3","value":102.1},{"period":"2022-Q4","value":100.8},{"period":"2023-Q1","value":99.7},{"period":"2023-Q2","value":100.9},{"period":"2023-Q3","value":101.1},{"period":"2023-Q4","value":100.9},{"period":"2024-Q1","value":100},{"period":"2024-Q2","value":100.2},{"period":"2024-Q3","value":100.5},{"period":"2024-Q4","value":100.5},{"period":"2025-Q1","value":99.3},{"period":"2025-Q2","value":99.9},{"period":"2025-Q3","value":100.3},{"period":"2025-Q4","value":100.4},{"period":"2026-Q1","value":100}]},{"id":"g7-household-debt-gdp-fr","title":"France","unit":"%","geography":"France","frequency":"quarterly","sourceId":"bis-household-credit","notes":["Households and non-profit institutions serving households; borrowing from all sectors, including overseas lenders.","Quarter-end gross debt divided by the previous four quarters of economic output. Assets are not subtracted. This is not debt as a share of household income or a repayment burden.","BIS adjusts the histories for breaks. National accounting and lending-market differences still matter; the figures alone do not rank financial wellbeing."],"geographyCode":"FR","comparisonGroup":"g7-household-debt-gdp","sourceSeries":"Q.FR.H.A.M.770.A","measureType":"ratio","denominator":"Gross domestic product over the last four quarters","seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","coverage":{"from":"1995-Q1","to":"2026-Q1","observations":125},"points":[{"period":"1995-Q1","value":33.8},{"period":"1995-Q2","value":33.8},{"period":"1995-Q3","value":33.5},{"period":"1995-Q4","value":34.2},{"period":"1996-Q1","value":34.1},{"period":"1996-Q2","value":33.9},{"period":"1996-Q3","value":34.1},{"period":"1996-Q4","value":34.3},{"period":"1997-Q1","value":34.1},{"period":"1997-Q2","value":34.2},{"period":"1997-Q3","value":34.2},{"period":"1997-Q4","value":34.5},{"period":"1998-Q1","value":33.7},{"period":"1998-Q2","value":33.8},{"period":"1998-Q3","value":33.9},{"period":"1998-Q4","value":33.8},{"period":"1999-Q1","value":33.7},{"period":"1999-Q2","value":34.3},{"period":"1999-Q3","value":34.7},{"period":"1999-Q4","value":34.8},{"period":"2000-Q1","value":34.7},{"period":"2000-Q2","value":34.8},{"period":"2000-Q3","value":34.9},{"period":"2000-Q4","value":34.8},{"period":"2001-Q1","value":34.9},{"period":"2001-Q2","value":35.1},{"period":"2001-Q3","value":35.2},{"period":"2001-Q4","value":35.3},{"period":"2002-Q1","value":35.4},{"period":"2002-Q2","value":35.7},{"period":"2002-Q3","value":36},{"period":"2002-Q4","value":36.1},{"period":"2003-Q1","value":36.2},{"period":"2003-Q2","value":36.6},{"period":"2003-Q3","value":37.1},{"period":"2003-Q4","value":37.5},{"period":"2004-Q1","value":37.8},{"period":"2004-Q2","value":38.6},{"period":"2004-Q3","value":39.1},{"period":"2004-Q4","value":39.3},{"period":"2005-Q1","value":39.7},{"period":"2005-Q2","value":40.7},{"period":"2005-Q3","value":41.3},{"period":"2005-Q4","value":42.2},{"period":"2006-Q1","value":42.6},{"period":"2006-Q2","value":43.6},{"period":"2006-Q3","value":44.1},{"period":"2006-Q4","value":44.6},{"period":"2007-Q1","value":45},{"period":"2007-Q2","value":45.8},{"period":"2007-Q3","value":46.5},{"period":"2007-Q4","value":47.1},{"period":"2008-Q1","value":47.4},{"period":"2008-Q2","value":48},{"period":"2008-Q3","value":48.7},{"period":"2008-Q4","value":49.4},{"period":"2009-Q1","value":50.4},{"period":"2009-Q2","value":51.1},{"period":"2009-Q3","value":52},{"period":"2009-Q4","value":53.2},{"period":"2010-Q1","value":53.1},{"period":"2010-Q2","value":53.3},{"period":"2010-Q3","value":53.4},{"period":"2010-Q4","value":54.3},{"period":"2011-Q1","value":54.4},{"period":"2011-Q2","value":55},{"period":"2011-Q3","value":55.2},{"period":"2011-Q4","value":55.4},{"period":"2012-Q1","value":55.4},{"period":"2012-Q2","value":55.6},{"period":"2012-Q3","value":55.4},{"period":"2012-Q4","value":55.8},{"period":"2013-Q1","value":55.8},{"period":"2013-Q2","value":55.8},{"period":"2013-Q3","value":56},{"period":"2013-Q4","value":56},{"period":"2014-Q1","value":56.2},{"period":"2014-Q2","value":56.3},{"period":"2014-Q3","value":56.3},{"period":"2014-Q4","value":56.4},{"period":"2015-Q1","value":56.3},{"period":"2015-Q2","value":56.4},{"period":"2015-Q3","value":56.8},{"period":"2015-Q4","value":56.9},{"period":"2016-Q1","value":56.5},{"period":"2016-Q2","value":56.9},{"period":"2016-Q3","value":57.4},{"period":"2016-Q4","value":58.2},{"period":"2017-Q1","value":58.3},{"period":"2017-Q2","value":58.8},{"period":"2017-Q3","value":59},{"period":"2017-Q4","value":59.4},{"period":"2018-Q1","value":59.4},{"period":"2018-Q2","value":59.9},{"period":"2018-Q3","value":60.3},{"period":"2018-Q4","value":60.8},{"period":"2019-Q1","value":60.3},{"period":"2019-Q2","value":60.9},{"period":"2019-Q3","value":61.6},{"period":"2019-Q4","value":62.3},{"period":"2020-Q1","value":62.9},{"period":"2020-Q2","value":65.5},{"period":"2020-Q3","value":67},{"period":"2020-Q4","value":68.2},{"period":"2021-Q1","value":68.1},{"period":"2021-Q2","value":66.9},{"period":"2021-Q3","value":66.8},{"period":"2021-Q4","value":66.5},{"period":"2022-Q1","value":66},{"period":"2022-Q2","value":66.2},{"period":"2022-Q3","value":66.3},{"period":"2022-Q4","value":65.9},{"period":"2023-Q1","value":65.1},{"period":"2023-Q2","value":64.2},{"period":"2023-Q3","value":63.3},{"period":"2023-Q4","value":62.3},{"period":"2024-Q1","value":61.2},{"period":"2024-Q2","value":60.8},{"period":"2024-Q3","value":60.3},{"period":"2024-Q4","value":60.2},{"period":"2025-Q1","value":59.8},{"period":"2025-Q2","value":59.7},{"period":"2025-Q3","value":59.6},{"period":"2025-Q4","value":59.4},{"period":"2026-Q1","value":59.1}]},{"id":"g7-household-debt-gdp-de","title":"Germany","unit":"%","geography":"Germany","frequency":"quarterly","sourceId":"bis-household-credit","notes":["Households and non-profit institutions serving households; borrowing from all sectors, including overseas lenders.","Quarter-end gross debt divided by the previous four quarters of economic output. Assets are not subtracted. This is not debt as a share of household income or a repayment burden.","BIS adjusts the histories for breaks. National accounting and lending-market differences still matter; the figures alone do not rank financial wellbeing."],"geographyCode":"DE","comparisonGroup":"g7-household-debt-gdp","sourceSeries":"Q.DE.H.A.M.770.A","measureType":"ratio","denominator":"Gross domestic product over the last four quarters","seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","coverage":{"from":"1995-Q1","to":"2026-Q1","observations":125},"points":[{"period":"1995-Q1","value":57.7},{"period":"1995-Q2","value":58.2},{"period":"1995-Q3","value":58.6},{"period":"1995-Q4","value":59.9},{"period":"1996-Q1","value":60.1},{"period":"1996-Q2","value":60.8},{"period":"1996-Q3","value":61.6},{"period":"1996-Q4","value":63},{"period":"1997-Q1","value":63},{"period":"1997-Q2","value":63.7},{"period":"1997-Q3","value":64.2},{"period":"1997-Q4","value":64.9},{"period":"1998-Q1","value":64.6},{"period":"1998-Q2","value":65.1},{"period":"1998-Q3","value":65.5},{"period":"1998-Q4","value":67},{"period":"1999-Q1","value":67.9},{"period":"1999-Q2","value":69.2},{"period":"1999-Q3","value":69.6},{"period":"1999-Q4","value":70.1},{"period":"2000-Q1","value":69.8},{"period":"2000-Q2","value":70.1},{"period":"2000-Q3","value":70.2},{"period":"2000-Q4","value":70.5},{"period":"2001-Q1","value":69.9},{"period":"2001-Q2","value":69.6},{"period":"2001-Q3","value":69.6},{"period":"2001-Q4","value":69.3},{"period":"2002-Q1","value":68.9},{"period":"2002-Q2","value":68.9},{"period":"2002-Q3","value":68.9},{"period":"2002-Q4","value":69.1},{"period":"2003-Q1","value":68.8},{"period":"2003-Q2","value":69},{"period":"2003-Q3","value":69.2},{"period":"2003-Q4","value":69.3},{"period":"2004-Q1","value":68.4},{"period":"2004-Q2","value":68.2},{"period":"2004-Q3","value":68.3},{"period":"2004-Q4","value":68.2},{"period":"2005-Q1","value":67.3},{"period":"2005-Q2","value":67.5},{"period":"2005-Q3","value":67.3},{"period":"2005-Q4","value":67},{"period":"2006-Q1","value":66.4},{"period":"2006-Q2","value":65.8},{"period":"2006-Q3","value":65.3},{"period":"2006-Q4","value":64.1},{"period":"2007-Q1","value":62.8},{"period":"2007-Q2","value":62},{"period":"2007-Q3","value":61.2},{"period":"2007-Q4","value":60.4},{"period":"2008-Q1","value":59.4},{"period":"2008-Q2","value":59.1},{"period":"2008-Q3","value":58.9},{"period":"2008-Q4","value":58.8},{"period":"2009-Q1","value":59.3},{"period":"2009-Q2","value":60.2},{"period":"2009-Q3","value":60.9},{"period":"2009-Q4","value":60.9},{"period":"2010-Q1","value":60.2},{"period":"2010-Q2","value":59.7},{"period":"2010-Q3","value":59.1},{"period":"2010-Q4","value":58.4},{"period":"2011-Q1","value":57.3},{"period":"2011-Q2","value":56.7},{"period":"2011-Q3","value":56.5},{"period":"2011-Q4","value":56.1},{"period":"2012-Q1","value":55.7},{"period":"2012-Q2","value":55.6},{"period":"2012-Q3","value":55.5},{"period":"2012-Q4","value":55.4},{"period":"2013-Q1","value":55.1},{"period":"2013-Q2","value":54.9},{"period":"2013-Q3","value":54.8},{"period":"2013-Q4","value":54.4},{"period":"2014-Q1","value":53.8},{"period":"2014-Q2","value":53.5},{"period":"2014-Q3","value":53.4},{"period":"2014-Q4","value":53},{"period":"2015-Q1","value":52.7},{"period":"2015-Q2","value":52.6},{"period":"2015-Q3","value":52.6},{"period":"2015-Q4","value":52.5},{"period":"2016-Q1","value":52.2},{"period":"2016-Q2","value":52.2},{"period":"2016-Q3","value":52.4},{"period":"2016-Q4","value":52.2},{"period":"2017-Q1","value":52},{"period":"2017-Q2","value":52},{"period":"2017-Q3","value":51.9},{"period":"2017-Q4","value":51.6},{"period":"2018-Q1","value":50.9},{"period":"2018-Q2","value":50.9},{"period":"2018-Q3","value":51.1},{"period":"2018-Q4","value":51.3},{"period":"2019-Q1","value":51.4},{"period":"2019-Q2","value":51.8},{"period":"2019-Q3","value":52},{"period":"2019-Q4","value":52.1},{"period":"2020-Q1","value":52.1},{"period":"2020-Q2","value":53.6},{"period":"2020-Q3","value":54.8},{"period":"2020-Q4","value":55.6},{"period":"2021-Q1","value":56},{"period":"2021-Q2","value":55.2},{"period":"2021-Q3","value":55.1},{"period":"2021-Q4","value":54.9},{"period":"2022-Q1","value":54.2},{"period":"2022-Q2","value":53.9},{"period":"2022-Q3","value":53.7},{"period":"2022-Q4","value":52.9},{"period":"2023-Q1","value":52.1},{"period":"2023-Q2","value":51.4},{"period":"2023-Q3","value":50.8},{"period":"2023-Q4","value":50.2},{"period":"2024-Q1","value":49.7},{"period":"2024-Q2","value":49.3},{"period":"2024-Q3","value":49.2},{"period":"2024-Q4","value":49},{"period":"2025-Q1","value":48.7},{"period":"2025-Q2","value":48.5},{"period":"2025-Q3","value":48.5},{"period":"2025-Q4","value":48.2},{"period":"2026-Q1","value":47.9}]},{"id":"g7-household-debt-gdp-it","title":"Italy","unit":"%","geography":"Italy","frequency":"quarterly","sourceId":"bis-household-credit","notes":["Households and non-profit institutions serving households; borrowing from all sectors, including overseas lenders.","Quarter-end gross debt divided by the previous four quarters of economic output. Assets are not subtracted. This is not debt as a share of household income or a repayment burden.","BIS adjusts the histories for breaks. National accounting and lending-market differences still matter; the figures alone do not rank financial wellbeing."],"geographyCode":"IT","comparisonGroup":"g7-household-debt-gdp","sourceSeries":"Q.IT.H.A.M.770.A","measureType":"ratio","denominator":"Gross domestic product over the last four quarters","seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","coverage":{"from":"1995-Q1","to":"2026-Q1","observations":125},"points":[{"period":"1995-Q1","value":17.4},{"period":"1995-Q2","value":17.7},{"period":"1995-Q3","value":17.3},{"period":"1995-Q4","value":17.4},{"period":"1996-Q1","value":17.2},{"period":"1996-Q2","value":17.3},{"period":"1996-Q3","value":17.1},{"period":"1996-Q4","value":17.5},{"period":"1997-Q1","value":17.5},{"period":"1997-Q2","value":17.8},{"period":"1997-Q3","value":17.6},{"period":"1997-Q4","value":17.8},{"period":"1998-Q1","value":17.8},{"period":"1998-Q2","value":18.4},{"period":"1998-Q3","value":18.3},{"period":"1998-Q4","value":18.7},{"period":"1999-Q1","value":19.3},{"period":"1999-Q2","value":19.9},{"period":"1999-Q3","value":20.3},{"period":"1999-Q4","value":21.1},{"period":"2000-Q1","value":21.4},{"period":"2000-Q2","value":21.6},{"period":"2000-Q3","value":21.8},{"period":"2000-Q4","value":22.6},{"period":"2001-Q1","value":22.8},{"period":"2001-Q2","value":23.3},{"period":"2001-Q3","value":23.5},{"period":"2001-Q4","value":23.9},{"period":"2002-Q1","value":24.2},{"period":"2002-Q2","value":24.8},{"period":"2002-Q3","value":25},{"period":"2002-Q4","value":25.6},{"period":"2003-Q1","value":25.8},{"period":"2003-Q2","value":26.3},{"period":"2003-Q3","value":26.6},{"period":"2003-Q4","value":27.3},{"period":"2004-Q1","value":27.7},{"period":"2004-Q2","value":28.5},{"period":"2004-Q3","value":28.9},{"period":"2004-Q4","value":29.8},{"period":"2005-Q1","value":30.3},{"period":"2005-Q2","value":31.3},{"period":"2005-Q3","value":31.8},{"period":"2005-Q4","value":32.8},{"period":"2006-Q1","value":33.4},{"period":"2006-Q2","value":34.2},{"period":"2006-Q3","value":34.6},{"period":"2006-Q4","value":35.5},{"period":"2007-Q1","value":36.1},{"period":"2007-Q2","value":36.9},{"period":"2007-Q3","value":37.3},{"period":"2007-Q4","value":37.9},{"period":"2008-Q1","value":38},{"period":"2008-Q2","value":38.4},{"period":"2008-Q3","value":38.5},{"period":"2008-Q4","value":38.8},{"period":"2009-Q1","value":39.6},{"period":"2009-Q2","value":41},{"period":"2009-Q3","value":41.6},{"period":"2009-Q4","value":42.2},{"period":"2010-Q1","value":42.6},{"period":"2010-Q2","value":43.1},{"period":"2010-Q3","value":43.2},{"period":"2010-Q4","value":43.3},{"period":"2011-Q1","value":43.2},{"period":"2011-Q2","value":43.4},{"period":"2011-Q3","value":43.4},{"period":"2011-Q4","value":43.3},{"period":"2012-Q1","value":43.1},{"period":"2012-Q2","value":43.3},{"period":"2012-Q3","value":43.3},{"period":"2012-Q4","value":43.4},{"period":"2013-Q1","value":43.4},{"period":"2013-Q2","value":43.4},{"period":"2013-Q3","value":43.2},{"period":"2013-Q4","value":43},{"period":"2014-Q1","value":42.7},{"period":"2014-Q2","value":42.7},{"period":"2014-Q3","value":42.3},{"period":"2014-Q4","value":42.3},{"period":"2015-Q1","value":42.1},{"period":"2015-Q2","value":42},{"period":"2015-Q3","value":41.8},{"period":"2015-Q4","value":41.6},{"period":"2016-Q1","value":41.5},{"period":"2016-Q2","value":41.4},{"period":"2016-Q3","value":41.2},{"period":"2016-Q4","value":41.1},{"period":"2017-Q1","value":41},{"period":"2017-Q2","value":40.8},{"period":"2017-Q3","value":40.7},{"period":"2017-Q4","value":40.7},{"period":"2018-Q1","value":40.4},{"period":"2018-Q2","value":40.8},{"period":"2018-Q3","value":40.7},{"period":"2018-Q4","value":40.8},{"period":"2019-Q1","value":40.8},{"period":"2019-Q2","value":41},{"period":"2019-Q3","value":41},{"period":"2019-Q4","value":41.1},{"period":"2020-Q1","value":41.4},{"period":"2020-Q2","value":43.4},{"period":"2020-Q3","value":44.2},{"period":"2020-Q4","value":44.9},{"period":"2021-Q1","value":44.9},{"period":"2021-Q2","value":43.4},{"period":"2021-Q3","value":42.7},{"period":"2021-Q4","value":42.2},{"period":"2022-Q1","value":41.5},{"period":"2022-Q2","value":41},{"period":"2022-Q3","value":40.5},{"period":"2022-Q4","value":40},{"period":"2023-Q1","value":39},{"period":"2023-Q2","value":38.2},{"period":"2023-Q3","value":37.5},{"period":"2023-Q4","value":36.9},{"period":"2024-Q1","value":36.3},{"period":"2024-Q2","value":36.2},{"period":"2024-Q3","value":36},{"period":"2024-Q4","value":36},{"period":"2025-Q1","value":35.9},{"period":"2025-Q2","value":35.9},{"period":"2025-Q3","value":35.8},{"period":"2025-Q4","value":35.9},{"period":"2026-Q1","value":35.9}]},{"id":"g7-household-debt-gdp-jp","title":"Japan","unit":"%","geography":"Japan","frequency":"quarterly","sourceId":"bis-household-credit","notes":["Households and non-profit institutions serving households; borrowing from all sectors, including overseas lenders.","Quarter-end gross debt divided by the previous four quarters of economic output. Assets are not subtracted. This is not debt as a share of household income or a repayment burden.","BIS adjusts the histories for breaks. National accounting and lending-market differences still matter; the figures alone do not rank financial wellbeing."],"geographyCode":"JP","comparisonGroup":"g7-household-debt-gdp","sourceSeries":"Q.JP.H.A.M.770.A","measureType":"ratio","denominator":"Gross domestic product over the last four quarters","seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","coverage":{"from":"1995-Q1","to":"2026-Q1","observations":125},"points":[{"period":"1995-Q1","value":68.3},{"period":"1995-Q2","value":68.1},{"period":"1995-Q3","value":68.5},{"period":"1995-Q4","value":69},{"period":"1996-Q1","value":68.5},{"period":"1996-Q2","value":68.2},{"period":"1996-Q3","value":68.3},{"period":"1996-Q4","value":68.2},{"period":"1997-Q1","value":67.6},{"period":"1997-Q2","value":67.5},{"period":"1997-Q3","value":67.7},{"period":"1997-Q4","value":68},{"period":"1998-Q1","value":67.4},{"period":"1998-Q2","value":68.2},{"period":"1998-Q3","value":68.3},{"period":"1998-Q4","value":68.9},{"period":"1999-Q1","value":68.7},{"period":"1999-Q2","value":68.9},{"period":"1999-Q3","value":69.4},{"period":"1999-Q4","value":70.2},{"period":"2000-Q1","value":70.2},{"period":"2000-Q2","value":69.3},{"period":"2000-Q3","value":69.3},{"period":"2000-Q4","value":68.8},{"period":"2001-Q1","value":67.6},{"period":"2001-Q2","value":67.2},{"period":"2001-Q3","value":67.5},{"period":"2001-Q4","value":67.5},{"period":"2002-Q1","value":67.4},{"period":"2002-Q2","value":67.1},{"period":"2002-Q3","value":66.7},{"period":"2002-Q4","value":66.4},{"period":"2003-Q1","value":66.3},{"period":"2003-Q2","value":65.8},{"period":"2003-Q3","value":65.9},{"period":"2003-Q4","value":65.7},{"period":"2004-Q1","value":65.3},{"period":"2004-Q2","value":64.7},{"period":"2004-Q3","value":64.4},{"period":"2004-Q4","value":64.1},{"period":"2005-Q1","value":61.4},{"period":"2005-Q2","value":61.1},{"period":"2005-Q3","value":61},{"period":"2005-Q4","value":61.5},{"period":"2006-Q1","value":61.3},{"period":"2006-Q2","value":61.1},{"period":"2006-Q3","value":60.9},{"period":"2006-Q4","value":60.5},{"period":"2007-Q1","value":60.3},{"period":"2007-Q2","value":60.1},{"period":"2007-Q3","value":59.6},{"period":"2007-Q4","value":59.5},{"period":"2008-Q1","value":59.2},{"period":"2008-Q2","value":59.2},{"period":"2008-Q3","value":59.3},{"period":"2008-Q4","value":59.6},{"period":"2009-Q1","value":60.6},{"period":"2009-Q2","value":61.5},{"period":"2009-Q3","value":62.4},{"period":"2009-Q4","value":62.9},{"period":"2010-Q1","value":62.6},{"period":"2010-Q2","value":62.1},{"period":"2010-Q3","value":61.2},{"period":"2010-Q4","value":60.7},{"period":"2011-Q1","value":60.6},{"period":"2011-Q2","value":61},{"period":"2011-Q3","value":61.1},{"period":"2011-Q4","value":61.3},{"period":"2012-Q1","value":60.9},{"period":"2012-Q2","value":60.6},{"period":"2012-Q3","value":60.5},{"period":"2012-Q4","value":60.8},{"period":"2013-Q1","value":61.1},{"period":"2013-Q2","value":61.1},{"period":"2013-Q3","value":60.7},{"period":"2013-Q4","value":60.6},{"period":"2014-Q1","value":60.4},{"period":"2014-Q2","value":59.9},{"period":"2014-Q3","value":59.7},{"period":"2014-Q4","value":59.7},{"period":"2015-Q1","value":59.3},{"period":"2015-Q2","value":59},{"period":"2015-Q3","value":58.5},{"period":"2015-Q4","value":58.3},{"period":"2016-Q1","value":58.1},{"period":"2016-Q2","value":58.2},{"period":"2016-Q3","value":58.3},{"period":"2016-Q4","value":58.5},{"period":"2017-Q1","value":58.8},{"period":"2017-Q2","value":58.9},{"period":"2017-Q3","value":58.8},{"period":"2017-Q4","value":58.9},{"period":"2018-Q1","value":59.1},{"period":"2018-Q2","value":59},{"period":"2018-Q3","value":59.3},{"period":"2018-Q4","value":59.9},{"period":"2019-Q1","value":60},{"period":"2019-Q2","value":60.2},{"period":"2019-Q3","value":60.3},{"period":"2019-Q4","value":60.8},{"period":"2020-Q1","value":61.2},{"period":"2020-Q2","value":63},{"period":"2020-Q3","value":64.4},{"period":"2020-Q4","value":65.4},{"period":"2021-Q1","value":65.9},{"period":"2021-Q2","value":65},{"period":"2021-Q3","value":64.7},{"period":"2021-Q4","value":64.8},{"period":"2022-Q1","value":64.6},{"period":"2022-Q2","value":64.7},{"period":"2022-Q3","value":64.6},{"period":"2022-Q4","value":64.7},{"period":"2023-Q1","value":64.1},{"period":"2023-Q2","value":63.5},{"period":"2023-Q3","value":62.8},{"period":"2023-Q4","value":62.3},{"period":"2024-Q1","value":62.3},{"period":"2024-Q2","value":62.4},{"period":"2024-Q3","value":61.9},{"period":"2024-Q4","value":61.8},{"period":"2025-Q1","value":61.5},{"period":"2025-Q2","value":61},{"period":"2025-Q3","value":60.8},{"period":"2025-Q4","value":60.8},{"period":"2026-Q1","value":60.8}]},{"id":"g7-household-debt-gdp-gb","title":"United Kingdom","unit":"%","geography":"United Kingdom","frequency":"quarterly","sourceId":"bis-household-credit","notes":["Households and non-profit institutions serving households; borrowing from all sectors, including overseas lenders.","Quarter-end gross debt divided by the previous four quarters of economic output. Assets are not subtracted. This is not debt as a share of household income or a repayment burden.","BIS adjusts the histories for breaks. National accounting and lending-market differences still matter; the figures alone do not rank financial wellbeing."],"geographyCode":"GB","comparisonGroup":"g7-household-debt-gdp","sourceSeries":"Q.GB.H.A.M.770.A","measureType":"ratio","denominator":"Gross domestic product over the last four quarters","seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","coverage":{"from":"1995-Q1","to":"2026-Q1","observations":125},"points":[{"period":"1995-Q1","value":58},{"period":"1995-Q2","value":58},{"period":"1995-Q3","value":58},{"period":"1995-Q4","value":57.9},{"period":"1996-Q1","value":57.3},{"period":"1996-Q2","value":57.2},{"period":"1996-Q3","value":57},{"period":"1996-Q4","value":56.6},{"period":"1997-Q1","value":56.3},{"period":"1997-Q2","value":56.8},{"period":"1997-Q3","value":57},{"period":"1997-Q4","value":57.4},{"period":"1998-Q1","value":58},{"period":"1998-Q2","value":58.3},{"period":"1998-Q3","value":59.2},{"period":"1998-Q4","value":59.6},{"period":"1999-Q1","value":60.3},{"period":"1999-Q2","value":61},{"period":"1999-Q3","value":61.9},{"period":"1999-Q4","value":62.9},{"period":"2000-Q1","value":63.1},{"period":"2000-Q2","value":64},{"period":"2000-Q3","value":64.5},{"period":"2000-Q4","value":65},{"period":"2001-Q1","value":65.7},{"period":"2001-Q2","value":66.6},{"period":"2001-Q3","value":67.7},{"period":"2001-Q4","value":68.9},{"period":"2002-Q1","value":70},{"period":"2002-Q2","value":71.5},{"period":"2002-Q3","value":73.6},{"period":"2002-Q4","value":74.8},{"period":"2003-Q1","value":75.4},{"period":"2003-Q2","value":76.7},{"period":"2003-Q3","value":78.1},{"period":"2003-Q4","value":79.6},{"period":"2004-Q1","value":80.8},{"period":"2004-Q2","value":82.2},{"period":"2004-Q3","value":84},{"period":"2004-Q4","value":85.1},{"period":"2005-Q1","value":85.3},{"period":"2005-Q2","value":86.3},{"period":"2005-Q3","value":86.7},{"period":"2005-Q4","value":87.2},{"period":"2006-Q1","value":87.4},{"period":"2006-Q2","value":88.5},{"period":"2006-Q3","value":90.2},{"period":"2006-Q4","value":91.2},{"period":"2007-Q1","value":91.9},{"period":"2007-Q2","value":93.1},{"period":"2007-Q3","value":94.2},{"period":"2007-Q4","value":94.3},{"period":"2008-Q1","value":94.5},{"period":"2008-Q2","value":94.8},{"period":"2008-Q3","value":94.9},{"period":"2008-Q4","value":94.8},{"period":"2009-Q1","value":95.2},{"period":"2009-Q2","value":95.9},{"period":"2009-Q3","value":96.6},{"period":"2009-Q4","value":97.4},{"period":"2010-Q1","value":97.6},{"period":"2010-Q2","value":96.5},{"period":"2010-Q3","value":95.9},{"period":"2010-Q4","value":94.5},{"period":"2011-Q1","value":93.3},{"period":"2011-Q2","value":92.9},{"period":"2011-Q3","value":92.4},{"period":"2011-Q4","value":91.6},{"period":"2012-Q1","value":90.9},{"period":"2012-Q2","value":91},{"period":"2012-Q3","value":90.6},{"period":"2012-Q4","value":90.1},{"period":"2013-Q1","value":90.1},{"period":"2013-Q2","value":89.6},{"period":"2013-Q3","value":89.4},{"period":"2013-Q4","value":88.9},{"period":"2014-Q1","value":88.1},{"period":"2014-Q2","value":87.7},{"period":"2014-Q3","value":87.2},{"period":"2014-Q4","value":87},{"period":"2015-Q1","value":86.6},{"period":"2015-Q2","value":86.6},{"period":"2015-Q3","value":86.9},{"period":"2015-Q4","value":86.9},{"period":"2016-Q1","value":87},{"period":"2016-Q2","value":87.3},{"period":"2016-Q3","value":87.3},{"period":"2016-Q4","value":86.9},{"period":"2017-Q1","value":86.9},{"period":"2017-Q2","value":86.2},{"period":"2017-Q3","value":86.2},{"period":"2017-Q4","value":85.9},{"period":"2018-Q1","value":85.4},{"period":"2018-Q2","value":85.2},{"period":"2018-Q3","value":85.2},{"period":"2018-Q4","value":85.1},{"period":"2019-Q1","value":83.6},{"period":"2019-Q2","value":83.9},{"period":"2019-Q3","value":83.9},{"period":"2019-Q4","value":83.9},{"period":"2020-Q1","value":83.9},{"period":"2020-Q2","value":86.9},{"period":"2020-Q3","value":88.9},{"period":"2020-Q4","value":90.8},{"period":"2021-Q1","value":92},{"period":"2021-Q2","value":89.4},{"period":"2021-Q3","value":87.9},{"period":"2021-Q4","value":85.4},{"period":"2022-Q1","value":83.5},{"period":"2022-Q2","value":82.2},{"period":"2022-Q3","value":81.4},{"period":"2022-Q4","value":80.1},{"period":"2023-Q1","value":78.6},{"period":"2023-Q2","value":77.5},{"period":"2023-Q3","value":77.3},{"period":"2023-Q4","value":76.8},{"period":"2024-Q1","value":76.4},{"period":"2024-Q2","value":76.1},{"period":"2024-Q3","value":75.8},{"period":"2024-Q4","value":74.9},{"period":"2025-Q1","value":74.3},{"period":"2025-Q2","value":73.7},{"period":"2025-Q3","value":73.6},{"period":"2025-Q4","value":73.5},{"period":"2026-Q1","value":72.6}]},{"id":"g7-household-debt-gdp-us","title":"United States","unit":"%","geography":"United States","frequency":"quarterly","sourceId":"bis-household-credit","notes":["Households and non-profit institutions serving households; borrowing from all sectors, including overseas lenders.","Quarter-end gross debt divided by the previous four quarters of economic output. Assets are not subtracted. This is not debt as a share of household income or a repayment burden.","BIS adjusts the histories for breaks. National accounting and lending-market differences still matter; the figures alone do not rank financial wellbeing."],"geographyCode":"US","comparisonGroup":"g7-household-debt-gdp","sourceSeries":"Q.US.H.A.M.770.A","measureType":"ratio","denominator":"Gross domestic product over the last four quarters","seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","coverage":{"from":"1995-Q1","to":"2026-Q1","observations":125},"points":[{"period":"1995-Q1","value":63},{"period":"1995-Q2","value":63.5},{"period":"1995-Q3","value":64.3},{"period":"1995-Q4","value":64.8},{"period":"1996-Q1","value":65},{"period":"1996-Q2","value":65.3},{"period":"1996-Q3","value":65.6},{"period":"1996-Q4","value":65.9},{"period":"1997-Q1","value":65.3},{"period":"1997-Q2","value":65.4},{"period":"1997-Q3","value":65.8},{"period":"1997-Q4","value":65.9},{"period":"1998-Q1","value":65.6},{"period":"1998-Q2","value":66.3},{"period":"1998-Q3","value":66.8},{"period":"1998-Q4","value":67.4},{"period":"1999-Q1","value":67.4},{"period":"1999-Q2","value":68},{"period":"1999-Q3","value":68.7},{"period":"1999-Q4","value":69.4},{"period":"2000-Q1","value":69.4},{"period":"2000-Q2","value":69.6},{"period":"2000-Q3","value":70.3},{"period":"2000-Q4","value":70.7},{"period":"2001-Q1","value":70.5},{"period":"2001-Q2","value":71.8},{"period":"2001-Q3","value":73.7},{"period":"2001-Q4","value":74.6},{"period":"2002-Q1","value":75.2},{"period":"2002-Q2","value":76.5},{"period":"2002-Q3","value":77.8},{"period":"2002-Q4","value":79.3},{"period":"2003-Q1","value":80.3},{"period":"2003-Q2","value":83},{"period":"2003-Q3","value":84.2},{"period":"2003-Q4","value":85.1},{"period":"2004-Q1","value":85.4},{"period":"2004-Q2","value":86.6},{"period":"2004-Q3","value":87.5},{"period":"2004-Q4","value":89.1},{"period":"2005-Q1","value":89.2},{"period":"2005-Q2","value":90.3},{"period":"2005-Q3","value":91.6},{"period":"2005-Q4","value":92.4},{"period":"2006-Q1","value":93.7},{"period":"2006-Q2","value":94.9},{"period":"2006-Q3","value":96},{"period":"2006-Q4","value":96.6},{"period":"2007-Q1","value":96.8},{"period":"2007-Q2","value":97.8},{"period":"2007-Q3","value":98.2},{"period":"2007-Q4","value":98.4},{"period":"2008-Q1","value":98.4},{"period":"2008-Q2","value":97.3},{"period":"2008-Q3","value":97.6},{"period":"2008-Q4","value":95.9},{"period":"2009-Q1","value":95.7},{"period":"2009-Q2","value":96.2},{"period":"2009-Q3","value":96.9},{"period":"2009-Q4","value":96.7},{"period":"2010-Q1","value":95.5},{"period":"2010-Q2","value":94.1},{"period":"2010-Q3","value":92.6},{"period":"2010-Q4","value":91.5},{"period":"2011-Q1","value":90.4},{"period":"2011-Q2","value":89.2},{"period":"2011-Q3","value":88.4},{"period":"2011-Q4","value":87.6},{"period":"2012-Q1","value":86.2},{"period":"2012-Q2","value":85.1},{"period":"2012-Q3","value":84.3},{"period":"2012-Q4","value":83.4},{"period":"2013-Q1","value":82.4},{"period":"2013-Q2","value":81.9},{"period":"2013-Q3","value":81.5},{"period":"2013-Q4","value":81.6},{"period":"2014-Q1","value":80.8},{"period":"2014-Q2","value":80.3},{"period":"2014-Q3","value":79.2},{"period":"2014-Q4","value":78.8},{"period":"2015-Q1","value":77.6},{"period":"2015-Q2","value":77.5},{"period":"2015-Q3","value":77.5},{"period":"2015-Q4","value":77},{"period":"2016-Q1","value":76.6},{"period":"2016-Q2","value":76.8},{"period":"2016-Q3","value":77.2},{"period":"2016-Q4","value":77},{"period":"2017-Q1","value":76.6},{"period":"2017-Q2","value":76.6},{"period":"2017-Q3","value":76.6},{"period":"2017-Q4","value":76.7},{"period":"2018-Q1","value":75.9},{"period":"2018-Q2","value":75.4},{"period":"2018-Q3","value":75.2},{"period":"2018-Q4","value":75},{"period":"2019-Q1","value":74.4},{"period":"2019-Q2","value":74.6},{"period":"2019-Q3","value":74.7},{"period":"2019-Q4","value":74.7},{"period":"2020-Q1","value":74.2},{"period":"2020-Q2","value":75.5},{"period":"2020-Q3","value":76.6},{"period":"2020-Q4","value":77.7},{"period":"2021-Q1","value":77.6},{"period":"2021-Q2","value":77.8},{"period":"2021-Q3","value":77.4},{"period":"2021-Q4","value":76.7},{"period":"2022-Q1","value":75.9},{"period":"2022-Q2","value":75.6},{"period":"2022-Q3","value":75.1},{"period":"2022-Q4","value":74.5},{"period":"2023-Q1","value":73.3},{"period":"2023-Q2","value":72.8},{"period":"2023-Q3","value":72.3},{"period":"2023-Q4","value":71.8},{"period":"2024-Q1","value":71.1},{"period":"2024-Q2","value":70.6},{"period":"2024-Q3","value":70.3},{"period":"2024-Q4","value":69.3},{"period":"2025-Q1","value":68.6},{"period":"2025-Q2","value":68.3},{"period":"2025-Q3","value":68.2},{"period":"2025-Q4","value":68.1},{"period":"2026-Q1","value":67.2}]},{"id":"uk-mortgage-arrears-accounts","title":"Mortgage accounts in arrears","unit":"accounts","geography":"United Kingdom","frequency":"quarterly","sourceId":"fca-mortgage-arrears","notes":["UK residential loans to individuals, regulated and non-regulated; not seasonally adjusted. Loan accounts and possessions are not counts of unique people or households.","Arrears meet the source threshold of at least 1.5% of the outstanding loan balance. This series starts in 2007; there is no invented 30-year extension."],"sourceSeries":"MLAR 1.7 C row 5","measureType":"stock","seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","breaks":[{"period":"2016-Q1","note":"The reporting population expanded when second-charge mortgage regulation changed on 21 March 2016. Using regulated and non-regulated loans together does not remove that coverage change."},{"period":"2025-Q2","note":"Reporting improvements reclassified some arrears cases as possessions, increasing the stock without matching new possessions; see workbook footnote (b)."}],"coverage":{"from":"2007-Q1","to":"2026-Q2","observations":78},"points":[{"period":"2007-Q1","value":258659},{"period":"2007-Q2","value":267210},{"period":"2007-Q3","value":273541},{"period":"2007-Q4","value":288546},{"period":"2008-Q1","value":299588},{"period":"2008-Q2","value":309817},{"period":"2008-Q3","value":340963},{"period":"2008-Q4","value":377222},{"period":"2009-Q1","value":399365},{"period":"2009-Q2","value":395464},{"period":"2009-Q3","value":386998},{"period":"2009-Q4","value":370639},{"period":"2010-Q1","value":361750},{"period":"2010-Q2","value":352680},{"period":"2010-Q3","value":343633},{"period":"2010-Q4","value":343459},{"period":"2011-Q1","value":337031},{"period":"2011-Q2","value":332709},{"period":"2011-Q3","value":324275},{"period":"2011-Q4","value":313224},{"period":"2012-Q1","value":302976},{"period":"2012-Q2","value":296484},{"period":"2012-Q3","value":303163},{"period":"2012-Q4","value":297572},{"period":"2013-Q1","value":299224},{"period":"2013-Q2","value":291647},{"period":"2013-Q3","value":279118},{"period":"2013-Q4","value":263665},{"period":"2014-Q1","value":254204},{"period":"2014-Q2","value":238899},{"period":"2014-Q3","value":228517},{"period":"2014-Q4","value":217981},{"period":"2015-Q1","value":210261},{"period":"2015-Q2","value":209699},{"period":"2015-Q3","value":197866},{"period":"2015-Q4","value":193793},{"period":"2016-Q1","value":199163},{"period":"2016-Q2","value":210796},{"period":"2016-Q3","value":211230},{"period":"2016-Q4","value":208405},{"period":"2017-Q1","value":204881},{"period":"2017-Q2","value":195440},{"period":"2017-Q3","value":190761},{"period":"2017-Q4","value":187051},{"period":"2018-Q1","value":185317},{"period":"2018-Q2","value":184589},{"period":"2018-Q3","value":185595},{"period":"2018-Q4","value":184373},{"period":"2019-Q1","value":182545},{"period":"2019-Q2","value":181049},{"period":"2019-Q3","value":174053},{"period":"2019-Q4","value":170499},{"period":"2020-Q1","value":172941},{"period":"2020-Q2","value":172174},{"period":"2020-Q3","value":168626},{"period":"2020-Q4","value":170757},{"period":"2021-Q1","value":170647},{"period":"2021-Q2","value":164128},{"period":"2021-Q3","value":158602},{"period":"2021-Q4","value":154473},{"period":"2022-Q1","value":152855},{"period":"2022-Q2","value":151454},{"period":"2022-Q3","value":147095},{"period":"2022-Q4","value":150989},{"period":"2023-Q1","value":156475},{"period":"2023-Q2","value":165365},{"period":"2023-Q3","value":178993},{"period":"2023-Q4","value":188932},{"period":"2024-Q1","value":190670},{"period":"2024-Q2","value":190736},{"period":"2024-Q3","value":186566},{"period":"2024-Q4","value":183658},{"period":"2025-Q1","value":181137},{"period":"2025-Q2","value":177793},{"period":"2025-Q3","value":170914},{"period":"2025-Q4","value":169426},{"period":"2026-Q1","value":164839},{"period":"2026-Q2","value":160962}]},{"id":"uk-mortgage-arrears-amount","title":"Overdue mortgage payments","unit":"£ million","geography":"United Kingdom","frequency":"quarterly","sourceId":"fca-mortgage-arrears","notes":["UK residential loans to individuals, regulated and non-regulated; not seasonally adjusted. Loan accounts and possessions are not counts of unique people or households.","Arrears meet the source threshold of at least 1.5% of the outstanding loan balance. This series starts in 2007; there is no invented 30-year extension.","The overdue payments themselves, unlike the much larger full remaining balances of the affected loans."],"sourceSeries":"MLAR 1.7 C row 9","measureType":"stock","seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","breaks":[{"period":"2016-Q1","note":"The reporting population expanded when second-charge mortgage regulation changed on 21 March 2016. Using regulated and non-regulated loans together does not remove that coverage change."},{"period":"2025-Q2","note":"Reporting improvements reclassified some arrears cases as possessions, increasing the stock without matching new possessions; see workbook footnote (b)."}],"coverage":{"from":"2007-Q1","to":"2026-Q2","observations":78},"points":[{"period":"2007-Q1","value":1060.21},{"period":"2007-Q2","value":1092.74},{"period":"2007-Q3","value":1151.893},{"period":"2007-Q4","value":1328.398},{"period":"2008-Q1","value":1432.971},{"period":"2008-Q2","value":1523.094},{"period":"2008-Q3","value":1832.851},{"period":"2008-Q4","value":2062.167},{"period":"2009-Q1","value":2179.79},{"period":"2009-Q2","value":2167.712},{"period":"2009-Q3","value":2153.304},{"period":"2009-Q4","value":2122.191},{"period":"2010-Q1","value":2110.716},{"period":"2010-Q2","value":2087.067},{"period":"2010-Q3","value":2038.523},{"period":"2010-Q4","value":2030.006},{"period":"2011-Q1","value":2003.579},{"period":"2011-Q2","value":1980.742},{"period":"2011-Q3","value":1966.284},{"period":"2011-Q4","value":1840.563},{"period":"2012-Q1","value":1792.34},{"period":"2012-Q2","value":1765.013},{"period":"2012-Q3","value":1780.838},{"period":"2012-Q4","value":1766.013},{"period":"2013-Q1","value":1760.832},{"period":"2013-Q2","value":1717.073},{"period":"2013-Q3","value":1698.374},{"period":"2013-Q4","value":1632.915},{"period":"2014-Q1","value":1585.188},{"period":"2014-Q2","value":1562.871},{"period":"2014-Q3","value":1456.798},{"period":"2014-Q4","value":1364.518},{"period":"2015-Q1","value":1359.322},{"period":"2015-Q2","value":1363.727},{"period":"2015-Q3","value":1302.957},{"period":"2015-Q4","value":1318.236},{"period":"2016-Q1","value":1358.316},{"period":"2016-Q2","value":1504.897},{"period":"2016-Q3","value":1562.826},{"period":"2016-Q4","value":1532.215},{"period":"2017-Q1","value":1567.476},{"period":"2017-Q2","value":1538.827},{"period":"2017-Q3","value":1528.895},{"period":"2017-Q4","value":1563.084},{"period":"2018-Q1","value":1597.115},{"period":"2018-Q2","value":1678.918},{"period":"2018-Q3","value":1691.834},{"period":"2018-Q4","value":1797.768},{"period":"2019-Q1","value":1903.886},{"period":"2019-Q2","value":1795.406},{"period":"2019-Q3","value":1735.993},{"period":"2019-Q4","value":1700.153},{"period":"2020-Q1","value":1755.69},{"period":"2020-Q2","value":1817.818},{"period":"2020-Q3","value":1888.069},{"period":"2020-Q4","value":1909.919},{"period":"2021-Q1","value":2043.367},{"period":"2021-Q2","value":1983.076},{"period":"2021-Q3","value":1900.431},{"period":"2021-Q4","value":1870.585},{"period":"2022-Q1","value":1988.386},{"period":"2022-Q2","value":1964.736},{"period":"2022-Q3","value":1830.421},{"period":"2022-Q4","value":1785.016},{"period":"2023-Q1","value":1768.989},{"period":"2023-Q2","value":1915.044},{"period":"2023-Q3","value":2070.705},{"period":"2023-Q4","value":2280.902},{"period":"2024-Q1","value":2322.832},{"period":"2024-Q2","value":2486.074},{"period":"2024-Q3","value":2519.758},{"period":"2024-Q4","value":2538.074},{"period":"2025-Q1","value":2587.022},{"period":"2025-Q2","value":2552.056},{"period":"2025-Q3","value":2542.942},{"period":"2025-Q4","value":2551.509},{"period":"2026-Q1","value":2563.94},{"period":"2026-Q2","value":2613.278}]},{"id":"uk-mortgage-arrears-balances","title":"Whole balances on mortgages in arrears","unit":"£ million","geography":"United Kingdom","frequency":"quarterly","sourceId":"fca-mortgage-arrears","notes":["UK residential loans to individuals, regulated and non-regulated; not seasonally adjusted. Loan accounts and possessions are not counts of unique people or households.","Arrears meet the source threshold of at least 1.5% of the outstanding loan balance. This series starts in 2007; there is no invented 30-year extension.","Counts the whole remaining loan balance on affected accounts, including possession cases, not just overdue payments. The share uses all mortgage loan balances in this same source as its denominator."],"sourceSeries":"MLAR 1.7 C row 10","measureType":"stock","seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","breaks":[{"period":"2016-Q1","note":"The reporting population expanded when second-charge mortgage regulation changed on 21 March 2016. Using regulated and non-regulated loans together does not remove that coverage change."},{"period":"2025-Q2","note":"Reporting improvements reclassified some arrears cases as possessions, increasing the stock without matching new possessions; see workbook footnote (b)."}],"coverage":{"from":"2007-Q1","to":"2026-Q2","observations":78},"points":[{"period":"2007-Q1","value":21916.866},{"period":"2007-Q2","value":23041.773},{"period":"2007-Q3","value":24262.272},{"period":"2007-Q4","value":26236.605},{"period":"2008-Q1","value":28439.189},{"period":"2008-Q2","value":30292.753},{"period":"2008-Q3","value":35051.181},{"period":"2008-Q4","value":40437.987},{"period":"2009-Q1","value":43572.226},{"period":"2009-Q2","value":42602.252},{"period":"2009-Q3","value":41782.925},{"period":"2009-Q4","value":40090.571},{"period":"2010-Q1","value":38950.669},{"period":"2010-Q2","value":37635.65},{"period":"2010-Q3","value":36143.396},{"period":"2010-Q4","value":35750.035},{"period":"2011-Q1","value":34960.895},{"period":"2011-Q2","value":34171.719},{"period":"2011-Q3","value":33079.035},{"period":"2011-Q4","value":31855.269},{"period":"2012-Q1","value":30736.164},{"period":"2012-Q2","value":29927.375},{"period":"2012-Q3","value":30140.03},{"period":"2012-Q4","value":29558.269},{"period":"2013-Q1","value":29425.844},{"period":"2013-Q2","value":28557.12},{"period":"2013-Q3","value":27260.163},{"period":"2013-Q4","value":26053.043},{"period":"2014-Q1","value":24873.554},{"period":"2014-Q2","value":23290.384},{"period":"2014-Q3","value":21768.696},{"period":"2014-Q4","value":20501.189},{"period":"2015-Q1","value":19738.873},{"period":"2015-Q2","value":19101.877},{"period":"2015-Q3","value":18274.287},{"period":"2015-Q4","value":17707.176},{"period":"2016-Q1","value":17382.224},{"period":"2016-Q2","value":17499.599},{"period":"2016-Q3","value":17106.967},{"period":"2016-Q4","value":16525.359},{"period":"2017-Q1","value":16231.11},{"period":"2017-Q2","value":15562.294},{"period":"2017-Q3","value":15149.011},{"period":"2017-Q4","value":14838.621},{"period":"2018-Q1","value":14819.821},{"period":"2018-Q2","value":14171.507},{"period":"2018-Q3","value":14320.541},{"period":"2018-Q4","value":14472.044},{"period":"2019-Q1","value":14529.881},{"period":"2019-Q2","value":14234.337},{"period":"2019-Q3","value":13736.27},{"period":"2019-Q4","value":13442.268},{"period":"2020-Q1","value":13665.641},{"period":"2020-Q2","value":14000.292},{"period":"2020-Q3","value":13829.005},{"period":"2020-Q4","value":14302.955},{"period":"2021-Q1","value":15021.357},{"period":"2021-Q2","value":14256.865},{"period":"2021-Q3","value":13764.559},{"period":"2021-Q4","value":13468.32},{"period":"2022-Q1","value":13283.758},{"period":"2022-Q2","value":13102.924},{"period":"2022-Q3","value":12923.388},{"period":"2022-Q4","value":13537.691},{"period":"2023-Q1","value":14697.209},{"period":"2023-Q2","value":16628.627},{"period":"2023-Q3","value":18746.842},{"period":"2023-Q4","value":20566.975},{"period":"2024-Q1","value":21321.886},{"period":"2024-Q2","value":21945.151},{"period":"2024-Q3","value":21879.545},{"period":"2024-Q4","value":21572.348},{"period":"2025-Q1","value":21411.165},{"period":"2025-Q2","value":21201.467},{"period":"2025-Q3","value":20580.623},{"period":"2025-Q4","value":20399.606},{"period":"2026-Q1","value":20046.818},{"period":"2026-Q2","value":19663.041}]},{"id":"uk-mortgage-arrears-share","title":"Share of mortgage balances on accounts in arrears","unit":"%","geography":"United Kingdom","frequency":"quarterly","sourceId":"fca-mortgage-arrears","notes":["UK residential loans to individuals, regulated and non-regulated; not seasonally adjusted. Loan accounts and possessions are not counts of unique people or households.","Arrears meet the source threshold of at least 1.5% of the outstanding loan balance. This series starts in 2007; there is no invented 30-year extension.","Counts the whole remaining loan balance on affected accounts, including possession cases, not just overdue payments. The share uses all mortgage loan balances in this same source as its denominator."],"sourceSeries":"MLAR 1.7 C row 11","measureType":"ratio","seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","breaks":[{"period":"2016-Q1","note":"The reporting population expanded when second-charge mortgage regulation changed on 21 March 2016. Using regulated and non-regulated loans together does not remove that coverage change."},{"period":"2025-Q2","note":"Reporting improvements reclassified some arrears cases as possessions, increasing the stock without matching new possessions; see workbook footnote (b)."}],"coverage":{"from":"2007-Q1","to":"2026-Q2","observations":78},"points":[{"period":"2007-Q1","value":2.059},{"period":"2007-Q2","value":2.079},{"period":"2007-Q3","value":2.132},{"period":"2007-Q4","value":2.262},{"period":"2008-Q1","value":2.415},{"period":"2008-Q2","value":2.549},{"period":"2008-Q3","value":2.93},{"period":"2008-Q4","value":3.368},{"period":"2009-Q1","value":3.636},{"period":"2009-Q2","value":3.547},{"period":"2009-Q3","value":3.472},{"period":"2009-Q4","value":3.321},{"period":"2010-Q1","value":3.229},{"period":"2010-Q2","value":3.113},{"period":"2010-Q3","value":2.979},{"period":"2010-Q4","value":2.947},{"period":"2011-Q1","value":2.884},{"period":"2011-Q2","value":2.813},{"period":"2011-Q3","value":2.717},{"period":"2011-Q4","value":2.614},{"period":"2012-Q1","value":2.516},{"period":"2012-Q2","value":2.446},{"period":"2012-Q3","value":2.456},{"period":"2012-Q4","value":2.406},{"period":"2013-Q1","value":2.395},{"period":"2013-Q2","value":2.321},{"period":"2013-Q3","value":2.208},{"period":"2013-Q4","value":2.103},{"period":"2014-Q1","value":2},{"period":"2014-Q2","value":1.863},{"period":"2014-Q3","value":1.733},{"period":"2014-Q4","value":1.627},{"period":"2015-Q1","value":1.565},{"period":"2015-Q2","value":1.502},{"period":"2015-Q3","value":1.426},{"period":"2015-Q4","value":1.371},{"period":"2016-Q1","value":1.332},{"period":"2016-Q2","value":1.329},{"period":"2016-Q3","value":1.285},{"period":"2016-Q4","value":1.235},{"period":"2017-Q1","value":1.2},{"period":"2017-Q2","value":1.154},{"period":"2017-Q3","value":1.107},{"period":"2017-Q4","value":1.076},{"period":"2018-Q1","value":1.056},{"period":"2018-Q2","value":1.007},{"period":"2018-Q3","value":1.008},{"period":"2018-Q4","value":1.002},{"period":"2019-Q1","value":1.001},{"period":"2019-Q2","value":0.971},{"period":"2019-Q3","value":0.925},{"period":"2019-Q4","value":0.898},{"period":"2020-Q1","value":0.906},{"period":"2020-Q2","value":0.924},{"period":"2020-Q3","value":0.906},{"period":"2020-Q4","value":0.928},{"period":"2021-Q1","value":0.962},{"period":"2021-Q2","value":0.898},{"period":"2021-Q3","value":0.859},{"period":"2021-Q4","value":0.835},{"period":"2022-Q1","value":0.815},{"period":"2022-Q2","value":0.795},{"period":"2022-Q3","value":0.775},{"period":"2022-Q4","value":0.808},{"period":"2023-Q1","value":0.877},{"period":"2023-Q2","value":0.994},{"period":"2023-Q3","value":1.12},{"period":"2023-Q4","value":1.23},{"period":"2024-Q1","value":1.277},{"period":"2024-Q2","value":1.309},{"period":"2024-Q3","value":1.306},{"period":"2024-Q4","value":1.281},{"period":"2025-Q1","value":1.258},{"period":"2025-Q2","value":1.242},{"period":"2025-Q3","value":1.196},{"period":"2025-Q4","value":1.176},{"period":"2026-Q1","value":1.148},{"period":"2026-Q2","value":1.117}]},{"id":"uk-mortgage-new-possessions","title":"New mortgage possessions during the quarter","unit":"possessions","geography":"United Kingdom","frequency":"quarterly","sourceId":"fca-mortgage-arrears","notes":["UK residential loans to individuals, regulated and non-regulated; not seasonally adjusted. Loan accounts and possessions are not counts of unique people or households.","Arrears meet the source threshold of at least 1.5% of the outstanding loan balance. This series starts in 2007; there is no invented 30-year extension.","Includes properties where a receiver of rent is appointed and voluntary surrenders under the source definition. Do not interpret these as court-ordered owner-occupier evictions alone."],"sourceSeries":"MLAR 1.7 C row 29","measureType":"flow","seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","breaks":[{"period":"2016-Q1","note":"The reporting population expanded when second-charge mortgage regulation changed on 21 March 2016. Using regulated and non-regulated loans together does not remove that coverage change."},{"period":"2025-Q2","note":"Reporting improvements reclassified some arrears cases as possessions, increasing the stock without matching new possessions; see workbook footnote (b)."}],"coverage":{"from":"2007-Q1","to":"2026-Q2","observations":78},"points":[{"period":"2007-Q1","value":6472},{"period":"2007-Q2","value":6464},{"period":"2007-Q3","value":6838},{"period":"2007-Q4","value":8135},{"period":"2008-Q1","value":9174},{"period":"2008-Q2","value":11074},{"period":"2008-Q3","value":13462},{"period":"2008-Q4","value":13236},{"period":"2009-Q1","value":14838},{"period":"2009-Q2","value":13225},{"period":"2009-Q3","value":13417},{"period":"2009-Q4","value":11483},{"period":"2010-Q1","value":10447},{"period":"2010-Q2","value":9990},{"period":"2010-Q3","value":9134},{"period":"2010-Q4","value":8246},{"period":"2011-Q1","value":9615},{"period":"2011-Q2","value":9510},{"period":"2011-Q3","value":9674},{"period":"2011-Q4","value":8924},{"period":"2012-Q1","value":9531},{"period":"2012-Q2","value":8695},{"period":"2012-Q3","value":8521},{"period":"2012-Q4","value":7792},{"period":"2013-Q1","value":8109},{"period":"2013-Q2","value":7760},{"period":"2013-Q3","value":7328},{"period":"2013-Q4","value":6118},{"period":"2014-Q1","value":6658},{"period":"2014-Q2","value":5713},{"period":"2014-Q3","value":5148},{"period":"2014-Q4","value":4134},{"period":"2015-Q1","value":3157},{"period":"2015-Q2","value":2671},{"period":"2015-Q3","value":2881},{"period":"2015-Q4","value":2418},{"period":"2016-Q1","value":2575},{"period":"2016-Q2","value":2307},{"period":"2016-Q3","value":2145},{"period":"2016-Q4","value":2138},{"period":"2017-Q1","value":2283},{"period":"2017-Q2","value":1982},{"period":"2017-Q3","value":2235},{"period":"2017-Q4","value":1953},{"period":"2018-Q1","value":2107},{"period":"2018-Q2","value":1830},{"period":"2018-Q3","value":1809},{"period":"2018-Q4","value":1847},{"period":"2019-Q1","value":2209},{"period":"2019-Q2","value":2081},{"period":"2019-Q3","value":2351},{"period":"2019-Q4","value":2185},{"period":"2020-Q1","value":1773},{"period":"2020-Q2","value":249},{"period":"2020-Q3","value":378},{"period":"2020-Q4","value":435},{"period":"2021-Q1","value":380},{"period":"2021-Q2","value":539},{"period":"2021-Q3","value":863},{"period":"2021-Q4","value":848},{"period":"2022-Q1","value":1147},{"period":"2022-Q2","value":1353},{"period":"2022-Q3","value":1650},{"period":"2022-Q4","value":1242},{"period":"2023-Q1","value":1475},{"period":"2023-Q2","value":1488},{"period":"2023-Q3","value":1425},{"period":"2023-Q4","value":1459},{"period":"2024-Q1","value":2098},{"period":"2024-Q2","value":1983},{"period":"2024-Q3","value":2073},{"period":"2024-Q4","value":2055},{"period":"2025-Q1","value":2315},{"period":"2025-Q2","value":2439},{"period":"2025-Q3","value":2482},{"period":"2025-Q4","value":2182},{"period":"2026-Q1","value":2216},{"period":"2026-Q2","value":2058}]},{"id":"uk-mortgage-possession-stock","title":"Mortgage possessions held at quarter end","unit":"possessions","geography":"United Kingdom","frequency":"quarterly","sourceId":"fca-mortgage-arrears","notes":["UK residential loans to individuals, regulated and non-regulated; not seasonally adjusted. Loan accounts and possessions are not counts of unique people or households.","Arrears meet the source threshold of at least 1.5% of the outstanding loan balance. This series starts in 2007; there is no invented 30-year extension.","Includes properties where a receiver of rent is appointed and voluntary surrenders under the source definition. Do not interpret these as court-ordered owner-occupier evictions alone."],"sourceSeries":"MLAR 1.7 C row 31","measureType":"stock","seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","breaks":[{"period":"2016-Q1","note":"The reporting population expanded when second-charge mortgage regulation changed on 21 March 2016. Using regulated and non-regulated loans together does not remove that coverage change."},{"period":"2025-Q2","note":"Reporting improvements reclassified some arrears cases as possessions, increasing the stock without matching new possessions; see workbook footnote (b)."}],"coverage":{"from":"2007-Q1","to":"2026-Q2","observations":78},"points":[{"period":"2007-Q1","value":12143},{"period":"2007-Q2","value":12581},{"period":"2007-Q3","value":12836},{"period":"2007-Q4","value":15505},{"period":"2008-Q1","value":17802},{"period":"2008-Q2","value":21360},{"period":"2008-Q3","value":27548},{"period":"2008-Q4","value":28241},{"period":"2009-Q1","value":29146},{"period":"2009-Q2","value":25052},{"period":"2009-Q3","value":23082},{"period":"2009-Q4","value":19426},{"period":"2010-Q1","value":18107},{"period":"2010-Q2","value":16921},{"period":"2010-Q3","value":16575},{"period":"2010-Q4","value":15468},{"period":"2011-Q1","value":16020},{"period":"2011-Q2","value":16262},{"period":"2011-Q3","value":16182},{"period":"2011-Q4","value":15457},{"period":"2012-Q1","value":15385},{"period":"2012-Q2","value":14953},{"period":"2012-Q3","value":14889},{"period":"2012-Q4","value":13321},{"period":"2013-Q1","value":12855},{"period":"2013-Q2","value":12018},{"period":"2013-Q3","value":11318},{"period":"2013-Q4","value":9956},{"period":"2014-Q1","value":10164},{"period":"2014-Q2","value":9730},{"period":"2014-Q3","value":9076},{"period":"2014-Q4","value":7758},{"period":"2015-Q1","value":6426},{"period":"2015-Q2","value":5249},{"period":"2015-Q3","value":5084},{"period":"2015-Q4","value":4473},{"period":"2016-Q1","value":4379},{"period":"2016-Q2","value":4239},{"period":"2016-Q3","value":4081},{"period":"2016-Q4","value":3904},{"period":"2017-Q1","value":3893},{"period":"2017-Q2","value":3746},{"period":"2017-Q3","value":3952},{"period":"2017-Q4","value":3650},{"period":"2018-Q1","value":3768},{"period":"2018-Q2","value":3413},{"period":"2018-Q3","value":3402},{"period":"2018-Q4","value":3413},{"period":"2019-Q1","value":3846},{"period":"2019-Q2","value":3930},{"period":"2019-Q3","value":4337},{"period":"2019-Q4","value":4214},{"period":"2020-Q1","value":3972},{"period":"2020-Q2","value":3169},{"period":"2020-Q3","value":2288},{"period":"2020-Q4","value":1933},{"period":"2021-Q1","value":1583},{"period":"2021-Q2","value":1587},{"period":"2021-Q3","value":1932},{"period":"2021-Q4","value":2073},{"period":"2022-Q1","value":2485},{"period":"2022-Q2","value":2866},{"period":"2022-Q3","value":3197},{"period":"2022-Q4","value":3247},{"period":"2023-Q1","value":3596},{"period":"2023-Q2","value":4818},{"period":"2023-Q3","value":4899},{"period":"2023-Q4","value":5236},{"period":"2024-Q1","value":6032},{"period":"2024-Q2","value":6483},{"period":"2024-Q3","value":6798},{"period":"2024-Q4","value":7123},{"period":"2025-Q1","value":7670},{"period":"2025-Q2","value":8681},{"period":"2025-Q3","value":9123},{"period":"2025-Q4","value":9319},{"period":"2026-Q1","value":9244},{"period":"2026-Q2","value":8825}]},{"id":"gb-energy-debt-arrears","title":"Unpaid energy debt and arrears","unit":"£ million","geography":"Great Britain","frequency":"quarterly","sourceId":"ofgem-energy-arrears","notes":["Domestic electricity and gas debt outstanding for more than 91 days; Great Britain, excluding Northern Ireland.","Debt means an agreed repayment arrangement; arrears means no arrangement. These are sums of money, not numbers of unique households.","Original chart reports billions of pounds; values here are multiplied by 1,000 to express millions. Independently rounded components may differ slightly from the published total.","Starts in 2018. This is separate from bank borrowing; do not assume it covers all unpaid household bills."],"measureType":"stock","sourceSeries":"Total Debt and Arrears - Elec & Gas (£bn)","seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","coverage":{"from":"2018-Q1","to":"2026-Q2","observations":34},"points":[{"period":"2018-Q1","value":1086},{"period":"2018-Q2","value":1169},{"period":"2018-Q3","value":1195},{"period":"2018-Q4","value":1142},{"period":"2019-Q1","value":1225},{"period":"2019-Q2","value":1341},{"period":"2019-Q3","value":1337},{"period":"2019-Q4","value":1293},{"period":"2020-Q1","value":1316},{"period":"2020-Q2","value":1505},{"period":"2020-Q3","value":1550},{"period":"2020-Q4","value":1452},{"period":"2021-Q1","value":1549},{"period":"2021-Q2","value":1669},{"period":"2021-Q3","value":1751},{"period":"2021-Q4","value":1793},{"period":"2022-Q1","value":1810},{"period":"2022-Q2","value":2030},{"period":"2022-Q3","value":2000},{"period":"2022-Q4","value":2040},{"period":"2023-Q1","value":2170},{"period":"2023-Q2","value":2590},{"period":"2023-Q3","value":2920},{"period":"2023-Q4","value":3100},{"period":"2024-Q1","value":3310},{"period":"2024-Q2","value":3690},{"period":"2024-Q3","value":3820},{"period":"2024-Q4","value":3850},{"period":"2025-Q1","value":4150},{"period":"2025-Q2","value":4430},{"period":"2025-Q3","value":4480},{"period":"2025-Q4","value":4550},{"period":"2026-Q1","value":4790},{"period":"2026-Q2","value":5020}]},{"id":"gb-energy-debt-repayment-plans","title":"Energy debt with a repayment plan","unit":"£ million","geography":"Great Britain","frequency":"quarterly","sourceId":"ofgem-energy-arrears","notes":["Domestic electricity and gas debt outstanding for more than 91 days; Great Britain, excluding Northern Ireland.","Debt means an agreed repayment arrangement; arrears means no arrangement. These are sums of money, not numbers of unique households.","Original chart reports billions of pounds; values here are multiplied by 1,000 to express millions. Independently rounded components may differ slightly from the published total.","Starts in 2018. This is separate from bank borrowing; do not assume it covers all unpaid household bills."],"measureType":"stock","sourceSeries":"Total debt Elec & Gas (£bn)","seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","coverage":{"from":"2018-Q1","to":"2026-Q2","observations":34},"points":[{"period":"2018-Q1","value":527},{"period":"2018-Q2","value":546},{"period":"2018-Q3","value":544},{"period":"2018-Q4","value":519},{"period":"2019-Q1","value":578},{"period":"2019-Q2","value":599},{"period":"2019-Q3","value":604},{"period":"2019-Q4","value":564},{"period":"2020-Q1","value":567},{"period":"2020-Q2","value":548},{"period":"2020-Q3","value":590},{"period":"2020-Q4","value":582},{"period":"2021-Q1","value":632},{"period":"2021-Q2","value":602},{"period":"2021-Q3","value":611},{"period":"2021-Q4","value":679},{"period":"2022-Q1","value":650},{"period":"2022-Q2","value":800},{"period":"2022-Q3","value":740},{"period":"2022-Q4","value":730},{"period":"2023-Q1","value":760},{"period":"2023-Q2","value":830},{"period":"2023-Q3","value":830},{"period":"2023-Q4","value":850},{"period":"2024-Q1","value":880},{"period":"2024-Q2","value":940},{"period":"2024-Q3","value":970},{"period":"2024-Q4","value":970},{"period":"2025-Q1","value":1050},{"period":"2025-Q2","value":1100},{"period":"2025-Q3","value":1120},{"period":"2025-Q4","value":1100},{"period":"2026-Q1","value":1190},{"period":"2026-Q2","value":1260}]},{"id":"gb-energy-arrears-no-plan","title":"Energy arrears without a repayment plan","unit":"£ million","geography":"Great Britain","frequency":"quarterly","sourceId":"ofgem-energy-arrears","notes":["Domestic electricity and gas debt outstanding for more than 91 days; Great Britain, excluding Northern Ireland.","Debt means an agreed repayment arrangement; arrears means no arrangement. These are sums of money, not numbers of unique households.","Original chart reports billions of pounds; values here are multiplied by 1,000 to express millions. Independently rounded components may differ slightly from the published total.","Starts in 2018. This is separate from bank borrowing; do not assume it covers all unpaid household bills."],"measureType":"stock","sourceSeries":"Total arrears Elec & Gas (£bn)","seasonalAdjustment":"not seasonally adjusted","coverage":{"from":"2018-Q1","to":"2026-Q2","observations":34},"points":[{"period":"2018-Q1","value":559},{"period":"2018-Q2","value":624},{"period":"2018-Q3","value":651},{"period":"2018-Q4","value":624},{"period":"2019-Q1","value":647},{"period":"2019-Q2","value":742},{"period":"2019-Q3","value":733},{"period":"2019-Q4","value":729},{"period":"2020-Q1","value":749},{"period":"2020-Q2","value":958},{"period":"2020-Q3","value":960},{"period":"2020-Q4","value":870},{"period":"2021-Q1","value":917},{"period":"2021-Q2","value":1067},{"period":"2021-Q3","value":1140},{"period":"2021-Q4","value":1113},{"period":"2022-Q1","value":1160},{"period":"2022-Q2","value":1240},{"period":"2022-Q3","value":1260},{"period":"2022-Q4","value":1310},{"period":"2023-Q1","value":1410},{"period":"2023-Q2","value":1760},{"period":"2023-Q3","value":2090},{"period":"2023-Q4","value":2250},{"period":"2024-Q1","value":2430},{"period":"2024-Q2","value":2750},{"period":"2024-Q3","value":2860},{"period":"2024-Q4","value":2880},{"period":"2025-Q1","value":3100},{"period":"2025-Q2","value":3320},{"period":"2025-Q3","value":3360},{"period":"2025-Q4","value":3440},{"period":"2026-Q1","value":3600},{"period":"2026-Q2","value":3760}]}],"comparisons":[{"id":"g7-household-debt-gdp","title":"Household debt compared with the size of each economy","unit":"%","period":"2026-Q1","sourceId":"bis-household-credit","seriesIds":["g7-household-debt-gdp-ca","g7-household-debt-gdp-fr","g7-household-debt-gdp-de","g7-household-debt-gdp-it","g7-household-debt-gdp-jp","g7-household-debt-gdp-gb","g7-household-debt-gdp-us"],"notes":["All seven countries use the same source, household-sector definition, denominator and quarter.","Includes non-profit institutions serving households. This is debt relative to economic output, not household disposable income."],"values":[{"seriesId":"g7-household-debt-gdp-ca","geography":"Canada","value":100},{"seriesId":"g7-household-debt-gdp-fr","geography":"France","value":59.1},{"seriesId":"g7-household-debt-gdp-de","geography":"Germany","value":47.9},{"seriesId":"g7-household-debt-gdp-it","geography":"Italy","value":35.9},{"seriesId":"g7-household-debt-gdp-jp","geography":"Japan","value":60.8},{"seriesId":"g7-household-debt-gdp-gb","geography":"United Kingdom","value":72.6},{"seriesId":"g7-household-debt-gdp-us","geography":"United States","value":67.2}]}],"limitations":["National totals do not reveal which households are struggling; debt amounts, interest rates, arrears and write-offs answer different questions.","The UK borrowing categories overlap with one another and with the G7 household measure. Never add all the series together.","Amounts in pounds are nominal, not adjusted for inflation. Debt-to-income and debt-to-GDP ratios provide different contextual comparisons.","No standalone consistent 30-year series for car finance or buy-now-pay-later is claimed. Student loans and unpaid energy bills are separate evidence.","The effective interest-rate and mortgage-arrears histories are shorter than 30 years. The actual observed coverage is retained."]},"context":{"schemaVersion":1,"reviewedAt":"2026-10-18","sources":[{"id":"maps-report","title":"MoneyView 2026","url":"https://maps.org.uk/content/dam/maps-corporate/en/publications/research/2026/maps-moneyview-2026.pdf","publisher":"Money and Pensions Service","releaseDate":"2026-03-24","format":"pdf","representation":"web-tool-text-extract","notes":["Retained public-document text extraction; the hash describes the extracted text, not the original PDF bytes."],"retrievedAt":"2026-10-18T12:28:46.396008+00:00","sha256":"737c1b55513de37ac26d424eb6190277b76a37565f8e73de37f5dcf3503cf463","hashKind":"text-extract"},{"id":"maps-england","title":"MoneyView England 2026","url":"https://maps.org.uk/content/dam/maps-corporate/en/publications/research/2026/maps-moneyview-england-2026.pdf","publisher":"Money and Pensions Service","releaseDate":"2026-03-24","format":"pdf","representation":"web-tool-text-extract","notes":["Retained public-document text extraction; the hash describes the extracted text, not the original PDF bytes."],"retrievedAt":"2026-10-18T12:28:46.396351+00:00","sha256":"ba828d547c69934cdb82ec14d0d16bec57350fd21d17ab0077ba98ab8ba06817","hashKind":"text-extract"},{"id":"maps-scotland","title":"MoneyView Scotland 2026","url":"https://maps.org.uk/content/dam/maps-corporate/en/publications/research/2026/maps-moneyview-scotland-2026.pdf","publisher":"Money and Pensions Service","releaseDate":"2026-03-24","format":"pdf","representation":"web-tool-text-extract","notes":["Retained public-document text extraction; the hash describes the extracted text, not the original PDF bytes."],"retrievedAt":"2026-10-18T12:28:46.396511+00:00","sha256":"dd7165204c02ce060f140cec9d53262a246e551b83645f94e906f5a8fb68f758","hashKind":"text-extract"},{"id":"maps-wales","title":"MoneyView Wales 2026","url":"https://maps.org.uk/content/dam/maps-corporate/en/publications/research/2026/maps-moneyview-wales-2026.pdf","publisher":"Money and Pensions Service","releaseDate":"2026-03-24","format":"pdf","representation":"web-tool-text-extract","notes":["Retained public-document text extraction; the hash describes the extracted text, not the original PDF bytes."],"retrievedAt":"2026-10-18T12:28:46.396658+00:00","sha256":"e2eacbb22e8a4413f6a3a28b05d0632d94d8c31e9275e5f3005e827c2859c9f0","hashKind":"text-extract"},{"id":"maps-northern-ireland","title":"MoneyView Northern Ireland 2026","url":"https://maps.org.uk/content/dam/maps-corporate/en/publications/research/2026/maps-moneyview-northern-ireland-2026.pdf","publisher":"Money and Pensions Service","releaseDate":"2026-03-24","format":"pdf","representation":"web-tool-text-extract","notes":["Retained public-document text extraction; the hash describes the extracted text, not the original PDF bytes."],"retrievedAt":"2026-10-18T12:28:46.396793+00:00","sha256":"9bf5dc457c9f28112d28e0e6c6b0a7e3a0ae50ae36381dea757a6257baa0a1b5","hashKind":"text-extract"},{"id":"maps-technical","title":"MoneyView 2026 technical report","url":"https://maps.org.uk/content/dam/maps-corporate/en/publications/research/2026/maps-moneyview-2026-technical-report.pdf","publisher":"Money and Pensions Service","releaseDate":"2026-03-24","format":"pdf","representation":"web-tool-text-extract","notes":["Retained public-document text extraction; the hash describes the extracted text, not the original PDF bytes."],"retrievedAt":"2026-10-18T12:28:46.396924+00:00","sha256":"24526e9cf48ff6c6359913e1cba6cdd62459249e3686f52ec8a00cfb19a10db1","hashKind":"text-extract"},{"id":"fca-financial-lives-charts","title":"Financial Lives May 2024: underlying chart data","url":"https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/financial-lives/fls-2024-underlying-chart-data.xlsx","publisher":"Financial Conduct Authority","releaseDate":"2025-05-16","format":"xlsx","representation":"raw-http-response","retrievedAt":"2026-10-18T12:28:46.397075+00:00","sha256":"2d6e752a35c0e6e089068ccb9b87ef0542c7e62bdab7ee244bcbedd40e8060a0","hashKind":"raw-response","bodySha256":"2d6e752a35c0e6e089068ccb9b87ef0542c7e62bdab7ee244bcbedd40e8060a0"},{"id":"fca-report","title":"Financial Lives 2024 key findings","url":"https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/financial-lives/financial-lives-survey-2024-key-findings.pdf","publisher":"Financial Conduct Authority","releaseDate":"2025-05-16","format":"pdf","representation":"web-tool-text-extract","retrievedAt":"2026-10-18T12:28:46.397239+00:00","sha256":"bacefea66a40c0605492f786ca9a52c36b5c71dfd2ac2093cf75704fa84f9e38","hashKind":"text-extract"},{"id":"ons-may","title":"Public opinions and social trends, Great Britain: May 2026","url":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing/bulletins/publicopinionsandsocialtrendsgreatbritain/may2026","publisher":"Office for National Statistics","releaseDate":"2026-06-19","format":"html","representation":"web-tool-text-extract","retrievedAt":"2026-10-18T12:28:46.397535+00:00","sha256":"ee236fe3492d796dd2792a0aa8bf7de51429c006c127830d34c68990c4275b53","hashKind":"text-extract"}],"surveys":[{"id":"maps-not-satisfied","title":"Not satisfied with their finances","question":"And how satisfied are you with your overall financial circumstances?","value":63,"unit":"%","geography":"United Kingdom","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","sample":"12,647 respondents","base":"Adults aged 18 and over living in the UK","method":"Weighted survey using online quota interviews and face-to-face interviews.","sourceId":"maps-report","notes":["Survey estimates have sampling and non-response uncertainty. Differences are not proof of cause and effect.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."],"questionType":"verbatim-question","sourceLocator":"Page 9; technical report question B2"},{"id":"maps-not-confident","title":"Do not feel confident managing money","question":"How confident do you feel…. managing your money?","value":41,"unit":"%","geography":"United Kingdom","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","sample":"12,647 respondents","base":"Adults aged 18 and over living in the UK","method":"Weighted survey using online quota interviews and face-to-face interviews.","sourceId":"maps-report","notes":["Survey estimates have sampling and non-response uncertainty. Differences are not proof of cause and effect.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."],"questionType":"verbatim-question","sourceLocator":"Page 9; technical report question B3"},{"id":"maps-need-advice","title":"Show signs of needing debt advice","question":"Derived from reported arrears, creditor action, high-cost credit and difficulty affording essentials.","value":15,"unit":"%","geography":"United Kingdom","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","sample":"12,647 respondents","base":"Adults aged 18 and over living in the UK","method":"Weighted survey using online quota interviews and face-to-face interviews.","sourceId":"maps-report","notes":["Survey estimates have sampling and non-response uncertainty. Differences are not proof of cause and effect.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025.","A classification from several questions, not the number who requested or received advice."],"questionType":"derived-measure","sourceLocator":"Page 8; definition in the nation reports"},{"id":"maps-income-shock","title":"Could not manage three months without borrowing after losing income","question":"If you lost your main source of household income, how long could your household continue to cover living expenses, without having to borrow any money or ask for help from friends or family?","value":52,"unit":"%","geography":"United Kingdom","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","sample":"12,647 respondents","base":"Adults aged 18 and over living in the UK","method":"Weighted survey using online quota interviews and face-to-face interviews.","sourceId":"maps-report","notes":["Survey estimates have sampling and non-response uncertainty. Differences are not proof of cause and effect.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."],"questionType":"verbatim-question","sourceLocator":"Page 9; technical report question OEQF13"},{"id":"fca-heavy-burden","title":"Bills and credit repayments feel like a heavy burden","question":"To what extent do you feel that keeping up with your domestic bills and credit commitments is a burden?","value":13,"unit":"%","geography":"United Kingdom","period":"May 2024","sample":"17,950 respondents in the main survey","base":"UK adults, excluding the 4% answering do not know","method":"Weighted Financial Lives survey, online and telephone. Fieldwork: 5 February–16 June 2024; largest share of responses in May.","sourceId":"fca-financial-lives-charts","notes":["Survey estimates have sampling and non-response uncertainty. Differences are not proof of cause and effect.","The published percentage excludes do not know responses. This is a feeling about bills and credit commitments, not a default rate.","Main survey waves are shown. A separate January 2023 recontact survey is not spliced into this history."],"questionType":"verbatim-question","history":[{"period":"2017","value":11},{"period":"2020","value":11},{"period":"2022","value":15},{"period":"2024","value":13}],"sourceLocator":"Figure 3.7; question K1 rebased"},{"id":"fca-low-resilience","title":"Have low financial resilience","question":"Derived measure: financial difficulty, heavy burden from bills or credit, or very limited savings.","value":24,"unit":"%","geography":"United Kingdom","period":"May 2024","sample":"17,950 respondents in the main survey","base":"Adults aged 18 and over living in the UK","method":"Weighted Financial Lives survey, online and telephone. Fieldwork: 5 February–16 June 2024; largest share of responses in May.","sourceId":"fca-financial-lives-charts","notes":["Survey estimates have sampling and non-response uncertainty. Differences are not proof of cause and effect.","People can meet more than one condition. Do not add the component percentages."],"questionType":"derived-measure","history":[{"period":"2017","value":23},{"period":"2020","value":23},{"period":"2022","value":24},{"period":"2024","value":24}],"sourceLocator":"Figures 3.6 and 3.9"},{"id":"fca-financial-difficulty","title":"Repeatedly missed bills or credit payments","question":"In the last 6 months, have you fallen behind on, or missed, any payments for credit commitments or domestic bills for any 3 or more months?","value":8,"unit":"%","geography":"United Kingdom","period":"May 2024","sample":"17,950 respondents in the main survey","base":"Adults aged 18 and over living in the UK","method":"Weighted Financial Lives survey, online and telephone. Fieldwork: 5 February–16 June 2024; largest share of responses in May.","sourceId":"fca-financial-lives-charts","notes":["Survey estimates have sampling and non-response uncertainty. Differences are not proof of cause and effect.","Payments missed in three or more of the previous six months; the months need not be consecutive."],"questionType":"verbatim-question","sourceLocator":"Figure 3.9, all UK adults row; question K2"},{"id":"ons-cost-worry","title":"Worried about rising living costs","question":"How worried or unworried people were about rising costs of living in the past two weeks.","value":63,"unit":"%","geography":"Great Britain","period":"6–31 May 2026","sample":"3,780 responding adults; 43% response rate","base":"Adults aged 16 and over in Great Britain","method":"Weighted Opinions and Lifestyle Survey; randomly selected from earlier participating households.","sourceId":"ons-may","notes":["Survey estimates have sampling and non-response uncertainty. Differences are not proof of cause and effect.","Very or somewhat worried. This is the published measure wording; it is not a verbatim questionnaire quotation.","Great Britain excludes Northern Ireland. This question and age base differ from the other surveys; do not average their percentages."],"questionType":"published-measure-wording","sourceLocator":"Figure 2 and Cost of living section"}],"areas":[{"id":"maps-england-need-advice","name":"England","geographyType":"nation","geographyCode":"E92000001","value":16,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Need for debt advice","sourceId":"maps-england","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-nation-need-advice","benchmark":{"name":"United Kingdom","value":15},"notes":["Survey estimate from 9,343 respondents in England, weighted to the adult population.","Different sample sizes and uncertainty mean small differences are not necessarily meaningful.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-england-low-wellbeing","name":"England","geographyType":"nation","geographyCode":"E92000001","value":24,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Low financial wellbeing","sourceId":"maps-england","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-nation-low-wellbeing","benchmark":{"name":"United Kingdom","value":24},"notes":["Survey estimate from 9,343 respondents in England, weighted to the adult population.","Different sample sizes and uncertainty mean small differences are not necessarily meaningful.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-england-not-satisfied","name":"England","geographyType":"nation","geographyCode":"E92000001","value":63,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Not satisfied with finances","sourceId":"maps-england","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-nation-not-satisfied","benchmark":{"name":"United Kingdom","value":63},"notes":["Survey estimate from 9,343 respondents in England, weighted to the adult population.","Different sample sizes and uncertainty mean small differences are not necessarily meaningful.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-england-not-confident","name":"England","geographyType":"nation","geographyCode":"E92000001","value":41,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Not confident managing money","sourceId":"maps-england","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-nation-not-confident","benchmark":{"name":"United Kingdom","value":41},"notes":["Survey estimate from 9,343 respondents in England, weighted to the adult population.","Different sample sizes and uncertainty mean small differences are not necessarily meaningful.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-scotland-need-advice","name":"Scotland","geographyType":"nation","geographyCode":"S92000003","value":13,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Need for debt advice","sourceId":"maps-scotland","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-nation-need-advice","benchmark":{"name":"United Kingdom","value":15},"notes":["Survey estimate from 1,257 respondents in Scotland, weighted to the adult population.","Different sample sizes and uncertainty mean small differences are not necessarily meaningful.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-scotland-low-wellbeing","name":"Scotland","geographyType":"nation","geographyCode":"S92000003","value":24,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Low financial wellbeing","sourceId":"maps-scotland","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-nation-low-wellbeing","benchmark":{"name":"United Kingdom","value":24},"notes":["Survey estimate from 1,257 respondents in Scotland, weighted to the adult population.","Different sample sizes and uncertainty mean small differences are not necessarily meaningful.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-scotland-not-satisfied","name":"Scotland","geographyType":"nation","geographyCode":"S92000003","value":62,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Not satisfied with finances","sourceId":"maps-scotland","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-nation-not-satisfied","benchmark":{"name":"United Kingdom","value":63},"notes":["Survey estimate from 1,257 respondents in Scotland, weighted to the adult population.","Different sample sizes and uncertainty mean small differences are not necessarily meaningful.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-scotland-not-confident","name":"Scotland","geographyType":"nation","geographyCode":"S92000003","value":40,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Not confident managing money","sourceId":"maps-scotland","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-nation-not-confident","benchmark":{"name":"United Kingdom","value":41},"notes":["Survey estimate from 1,257 respondents in Scotland, weighted to the adult population.","Different sample sizes and uncertainty mean small differences are not necessarily meaningful.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-wales-need-advice","name":"Wales","geographyType":"nation","geographyCode":"W92000004","value":15,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Need for debt advice","sourceId":"maps-wales","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-nation-need-advice","benchmark":{"name":"United Kingdom","value":15},"notes":["Survey estimate from 1,047 respondents in Wales, weighted to the adult population.","Different sample sizes and uncertainty mean small differences are not necessarily meaningful.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-wales-low-wellbeing","name":"Wales","geographyType":"nation","geographyCode":"W92000004","value":27,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Low financial wellbeing","sourceId":"maps-wales","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-nation-low-wellbeing","benchmark":{"name":"United Kingdom","value":24},"notes":["Survey estimate from 1,047 respondents in Wales, weighted to the adult population.","Different sample sizes and uncertainty mean small differences are not necessarily meaningful.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-wales-not-satisfied","name":"Wales","geographyType":"nation","geographyCode":"W92000004","value":64,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Not satisfied with finances","sourceId":"maps-wales","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-nation-not-satisfied","benchmark":{"name":"United Kingdom","value":63},"notes":["Survey estimate from 1,047 respondents in Wales, weighted to the adult population.","Different sample sizes and uncertainty mean small differences are not necessarily meaningful.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-wales-not-confident","name":"Wales","geographyType":"nation","geographyCode":"W92000004","value":42,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Not confident managing money","sourceId":"maps-wales","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-nation-not-confident","benchmark":{"name":"United Kingdom","value":41},"notes":["Survey estimate from 1,047 respondents in Wales, weighted to the adult population.","Different sample sizes and uncertainty mean small differences are not necessarily meaningful.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-northern-ireland-need-advice","name":"Northern Ireland","geographyType":"nation","geographyCode":"N92000002","value":12,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Need for debt advice","sourceId":"maps-northern-ireland","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-nation-need-advice","benchmark":{"name":"United Kingdom","value":15},"notes":["Survey estimate from 1,000 respondents in Northern Ireland, weighted to the adult population.","Different sample sizes and uncertainty mean small differences are not necessarily meaningful.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-northern-ireland-low-wellbeing","name":"Northern Ireland","geographyType":"nation","geographyCode":"N92000002","value":28,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Low financial wellbeing","sourceId":"maps-northern-ireland","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-nation-low-wellbeing","benchmark":{"name":"United Kingdom","value":24},"notes":["Survey estimate from 1,000 respondents in Northern Ireland, weighted to the adult population.","Different sample sizes and uncertainty mean small differences are not necessarily meaningful.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-northern-ireland-not-satisfied","name":"Northern Ireland","geographyType":"nation","geographyCode":"N92000002","value":64,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Not satisfied with finances","sourceId":"maps-northern-ireland","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-nation-not-satisfied","benchmark":{"name":"United Kingdom","value":63},"notes":["Survey estimate from 1,000 respondents in Northern Ireland, weighted to the adult population.","Different sample sizes and uncertainty mean small differences are not necessarily meaningful.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-northern-ireland-not-confident","name":"Northern Ireland","geographyType":"nation","geographyCode":"N92000002","value":47,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Not confident managing money","sourceId":"maps-northern-ireland","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-nation-not-confident","benchmark":{"name":"United Kingdom","value":41},"notes":["Survey estimate from 1,000 respondents in Northern Ireland, weighted to the adult population.","Different sample sizes and uncertainty mean small differences are not necessarily meaningful.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-region-1-low-wellbeing","name":"North East","geographyType":"English region","geographyCode":"E12000001","value":31,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Low financial wellbeing","sourceId":"maps-england","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-region-low-wellbeing","benchmark":{"name":"England","value":24},"notes":["Survey estimates; England sample 9,343. The regional map does not give the unweighted sample for each region.","This is a regional estimate, not a figure for every city or household in the region.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-region-2-low-wellbeing","name":"North West","geographyType":"English region","geographyCode":"E12000002","value":25,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Low financial wellbeing","sourceId":"maps-england","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-region-low-wellbeing","benchmark":{"name":"England","value":24},"notes":["Survey estimates; England sample 9,343. The regional map does not give the unweighted sample for each region.","This is a regional estimate, not a figure for every city or household in the region.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-region-3-low-wellbeing","name":"Yorkshire and the Humber","geographyType":"English region","geographyCode":"E12000003","value":22,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Low financial wellbeing","sourceId":"maps-england","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-region-low-wellbeing","benchmark":{"name":"England","value":24},"notes":["Survey estimates; England sample 9,343. The regional map does not give the unweighted sample for each region.","This is a regional estimate, not a figure for every city or household in the region.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-region-4-low-wellbeing","name":"East Midlands","geographyType":"English region","geographyCode":"E12000004","value":25,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Low financial wellbeing","sourceId":"maps-england","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-region-low-wellbeing","benchmark":{"name":"England","value":24},"notes":["Survey estimates; England sample 9,343. The regional map does not give the unweighted sample for each region.","This is a regional estimate, not a figure for every city or household in the region.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-region-5-low-wellbeing","name":"West Midlands","geographyType":"English region","geographyCode":"E12000005","value":26,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Low financial wellbeing","sourceId":"maps-england","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-region-low-wellbeing","benchmark":{"name":"England","value":24},"notes":["Survey estimates; England sample 9,343. The regional map does not give the unweighted sample for each region.","This is a regional estimate, not a figure for every city or household in the region.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-region-6-low-wellbeing","name":"East of England","geographyType":"English region","geographyCode":"E12000006","value":22,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Low financial wellbeing","sourceId":"maps-england","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-region-low-wellbeing","benchmark":{"name":"England","value":24},"notes":["Survey estimates; England sample 9,343. The regional map does not give the unweighted sample for each region.","This is a regional estimate, not a figure for every city or household in the region.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-region-7-low-wellbeing","name":"London","geographyType":"English region","geographyCode":"E12000007","value":22,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Low financial wellbeing","sourceId":"maps-england","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-region-low-wellbeing","benchmark":{"name":"England","value":24},"notes":["Survey estimates; England sample 9,343. The regional map does not give the unweighted sample for each region.","This is a regional estimate, not a figure for every city or household in the region.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-region-8-low-wellbeing","name":"South East","geographyType":"English region","geographyCode":"E12000008","value":23,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Low financial wellbeing","sourceId":"maps-england","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-region-low-wellbeing","benchmark":{"name":"England","value":24},"notes":["Survey estimates; England sample 9,343. The regional map does not give the unweighted sample for each region.","This is a regional estimate, not a figure for every city or household in the region.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-region-9-low-wellbeing","name":"South West","geographyType":"English region","geographyCode":"E12000009","value":21,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Low financial wellbeing","sourceId":"maps-england","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-region-low-wellbeing","benchmark":{"name":"England","value":24},"notes":["Survey estimates; England sample 9,343. The regional map does not give the unweighted sample for each region.","This is a regional estimate, not a figure for every city or household in the region.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-region-2-need-advice","name":"North West","geographyType":"English region","geographyCode":"E12000002","value":16,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Need for debt advice","sourceId":"maps-england","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-region-need-advice","benchmark":{"name":"England","value":16},"notes":["Survey estimates; England sample 9,343. The regional map does not give the unweighted sample for each region.","This is a regional estimate, not a figure for every city or household in the region.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-region-3-need-advice","name":"Yorkshire and the Humber","geographyType":"English region","geographyCode":"E12000003","value":15,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Need for debt advice","sourceId":"maps-england","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-region-need-advice","benchmark":{"name":"England","value":16},"notes":["Survey estimates; England sample 9,343. The regional map does not give the unweighted sample for each region.","This is a regional estimate, not a figure for every city or household in the region.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-region-4-need-advice","name":"East Midlands","geographyType":"English region","geographyCode":"E12000004","value":14,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Need for debt advice","sourceId":"maps-england","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-region-need-advice","benchmark":{"name":"England","value":16},"notes":["Survey estimates; England sample 9,343. The regional map does not give the unweighted sample for each region.","This is a regional estimate, not a figure for every city or household in the region.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-region-5-need-advice","name":"West Midlands","geographyType":"English region","geographyCode":"E12000005","value":17,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Need for debt advice","sourceId":"maps-england","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-region-need-advice","benchmark":{"name":"England","value":16},"notes":["Survey estimates; England sample 9,343. The regional map does not give the unweighted sample for each region.","This is a regional estimate, not a figure for every city or household in the region.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-region-6-need-advice","name":"East of England","geographyType":"English region","geographyCode":"E12000006","value":14,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Need for debt advice","sourceId":"maps-england","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-region-need-advice","benchmark":{"name":"England","value":16},"notes":["Survey estimates; England sample 9,343. The regional map does not give the unweighted sample for each region.","This is a regional estimate, not a figure for every city or household in the region.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-region-7-need-advice","name":"London","geographyType":"English region","geographyCode":"E12000007","value":21,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Need for debt advice","sourceId":"maps-england","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-region-need-advice","benchmark":{"name":"England","value":16},"notes":["Survey estimates; England sample 9,343. The regional map does not give the unweighted sample for each region.","This is a regional estimate, not a figure for every city or household in the region.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-region-8-need-advice","name":"South East","geographyType":"English region","geographyCode":"E12000008","value":13,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Need for debt advice","sourceId":"maps-england","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-region-need-advice","benchmark":{"name":"England","value":16},"notes":["Survey estimates; England sample 9,343. The regional map does not give the unweighted sample for each region.","This is a regional estimate, not a figure for every city or household in the region.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]},{"id":"maps-region-9-need-advice","name":"South West","geographyType":"English region","geographyCode":"E12000009","value":12,"unit":"%","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","metric":"Need for debt advice","sourceId":"maps-england","comparisonGroup":"maps-2026-region-need-advice","benchmark":{"name":"England","value":16},"notes":["Survey estimates; England sample 9,343. The regional map does not give the unweighted sample for each region.","This is a regional estimate, not a figure for every city or household in the region.","The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025."]}],"coverage":[{"topic":"Local authority estimates","status":"not-ingested","note":"MaPS publishes local-authority workbooks, but direct downloads were blocked during this review. No city or council values have been inferred from national or regional estimates.","url":"https://maps.org.uk/en/publications/moneyview"},{"topic":"Thirty-year survey history","status":"not-available","note":"These reviewed survey series do not provide a consistent thirty-year history. FCA main waves begin in 2017; MoneyView and ONS questions have shorter coverage."},{"topic":"UK insolvency comparison","status":"not-combined","note":"England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland use different legal procedures. No blended UK insolvency rate has been created."},{"topic":"North East need for debt advice","status":"withheld-source-conflict","note":"The official England report's prose says 17%, while its regional map says 19%. This estimate is withheld pending clarification.","sourceId":"maps-england"}],"ukdsStudies":[{"id":"6614","title":"Understanding Society","url":"https://datacatalogue.ukdataservice.ac.uk/studies/study/6614","coverage":"2009–2024, with predecessor British Household Panel Survey history from 1991","access":"Study-specific licence; detailed geography may need additional permission","note":"Public catalogue context only. No participant records accessed; changes in questions prevent an automatic continuous debt series."},{"id":"7215","title":"Wealth and Assets Survey","url":"https://datacatalogue.ukdataservice.ac.uk/studies/study/7215","coverage":"2006–2022","access":"Safeguarded","note":"Public catalogue context only. No participant records accessed. Latest published wealth estimates have quality limitations."},{"id":"9603","title":"Living Costs and Food Survey 2024–25","url":"https://datacatalogue.ukdataservice.ac.uk/studies/study/9603","coverage":"2024–25 edition","access":"Check this edition’s access conditions","note":"Published ONS aggregate tables are available separately. No participant records accessed."}]},"readerContext":{"schemaVersion":1,"reviewedAt":"2026-10-18","sources":[{"id":"reader-maps-report","title":"MoneyView 2026","url":"https://maps.org.uk/content/dam/maps-corporate/en/publications/research/2026/maps-moneyview-2026.pdf","publisher":"Money and Pensions Service","releaseDate":"2026-03-24","retrievedAt":"2026-10-18T12:28:46.396008+00:00","sha256":"737c1b55513de37ac26d424eb6190277b76a37565f8e73de37f5dcf3503cf463","hashKind":"text-extract"},{"id":"reader-maps-technical","title":"MoneyView 2026 technical report","url":"https://maps.org.uk/content/dam/maps-corporate/en/publications/research/2026/maps-moneyview-2026-technical-report.pdf","publisher":"Money and Pensions Service","releaseDate":"2026-03-24","retrievedAt":"2026-10-18T12:28:46.396924+00:00","sha256":"24526e9cf48ff6c6359913e1cba6cdd62459249e3686f52ec8a00cfb19a10db1","hashKind":"text-extract"},{"id":"reader-fca-financial-lives-charts","title":"Financial Lives May 2024: underlying chart data","url":"https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/financial-lives/fls-2024-underlying-chart-data.xlsx","publisher":"Financial Conduct Authority","releaseDate":"2025-05-16","retrievedAt":"2026-10-18T12:28:46.397075+00:00","sha256":"2d6e752a35c0e6e089068ccb9b87ef0542c7e62bdab7ee244bcbedd40e8060a0","hashKind":"raw-response","bodySha256":"2d6e752a35c0e6e089068ccb9b87ef0542c7e62bdab7ee244bcbedd40e8060a0"},{"id":"reader-fca-credit-loans-2024","title":"Financial Lives 2024: Credit & loans, selected findings","url":"https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/financial-lives/fls-2024-credit-loans.pdf","publisher":"Financial Conduct Authority","releaseDate":"2025-05","retrievedAt":"2026-10-18T14:52:57.917185+00:00","sha256":"935f573c6e6ceb792b4879b57d43b23e6ee18d11a4b8b2f87085560ddc2d142b","hashKind":"text-extract","bodySha256":"0bee2119cb24c1a2b5c33a580d2ae3a3a3df00209d8e19ff605a58ace8320a4a"},{"id":"reader-fca-key-findings-2024","title":"Financial Lives 2024: Key findings","url":"https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/financial-lives/financial-lives-survey-2024-key-findings.pdf","publisher":"Financial Conduct Authority","releaseDate":"2025-05-16","retrievedAt":"2026-10-18T14:52:57.286659+00:00","sha256":"1fbfe6be2d7d3b5443371482d5f65de53d1e4b0d7d7a0083f4b92357ea3fd148","hashKind":"text-extract","bodySha256":"2949a33849adecf6aca43f5d581427a6ee7e6737cc6d965779db16e46355241b"},{"id":"reader-fca-card-market-2015","title":"Credit card market study: Interim report MS14/6.2","url":"https://www.fca.org.uk/publication/market-studies/ms14-6-2-ccms-interim-report.pdf","publisher":"Financial Conduct Authority","releaseDate":"2015-11","retrievedAt":"2026-10-18T14:52:53.617306+00:00","sha256":"20c05414f7ecfac1b4c671ee1de8fb0a1123f7f88bbc42fc3214e7d7d2c286c2","hashKind":"text-extract","bodySha256":"c5974bbe65ca32e4db04acd9c3d89e0536e6aae3aad9c4332a875351e72598bb"},{"id":"reader-fca-risk-pricing-2022","title":"Interest rates and risk-based credit limits in the UK credit card market","url":"https://www.fca.org.uk/publications/research/interest-rates-risk-based-credit-limits-uk-credit-card-market","publisher":"Financial Conduct Authority","releaseDate":"2022-07-08","retrievedAt":"2026-10-18T14:58:41.991686+00:00","sha256":"dfc00c034915d85b3cfca452e1b736e58c2f15933219c97c1b665365e6b3cfb6","hashKind":"text-extract","bodySha256":"b9c21de53a0f0bcbd42e226e9a39f8b57365250329765e631190129588d01192"},{"id":"reader-fca-card-final-2016","title":"Credit card market study MS14/6: Final findings","url":"https://www.fca.org.uk/publications/market-studies/credit-card-market-study","publisher":"Financial Conduct Authority","releaseDate":"2016-07-26","retrievedAt":"2026-10-18T14:58:41.992042+00:00","sha256":"4e2943c9a62cba828a3dd8fb8e7dcd087320e3c28f80b2d872394dfc0434d1d0","hashKind":"text-extract","bodySha256":"0ea35f61508034afd7b5b6754f58febc2d002481fc98ad89842687c6750e23bb"},{"id":"reader-boe-bankstats","title":"Bankstats tables B3.1 and B3.2: Banking income and profit","url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/statistics/tables","publisher":"Bank of England","retrievedAt":"2026-10-18T14:58:41.992187+00:00","sha256":"7ecbec3fe76da797d361c79c32dec307d101788502d662abf61af5f739b29bba","hashKind":"text-extract","bodySha256":"1f3b22f70c05cadfd080d188353824915588f21cc954d3f80e4691d35c05931e"},{"id":"reader-maps-bill-conflict","title":"MoneyView 2026: £300 bill source discrepancy, p32","url":"https://maps.org.uk/content/dam/maps-corporate/en/publications/research/2026/maps-moneyview-2026.pdf","publisher":"Money and Pensions Service","releaseDate":"2026-03-24","retrievedAt":"2026-10-18T15:11:38.776980+00:00","sha256":"fb51a0ef38d4b045dffa0df2d115bb4fa8dd5f9436e57eb39d1a5dc5d155317f","hashKind":"text-extract"}],"surveys":[{"id":"maps-borrow-essentials","title":"Often borrow for food or bills when money runs short","question":"Use a credit card, overdraft or borrow money to buy food or pay bills because run short of money","questionType":"published-indicator wording","value":19,"unit":"%","geography":"United Kingdom","period":"2025 (MoneyView 2026)","sample":"12,647 respondents","base":"Adults aged 18 and over living in the UK","method":"Weighted online quota and face-to-face survey.","sourceId":"reader-maps-report","sourceLocator":"MoneyView 2026 p9; technical report p20, NORB10.","notes":["Combines credit cards, overdrafts and other borrowing. It is not a credit-card-only result.","NORB10 is the published indicator statement; the full question stem and frequency coding are not reproduced in the retained technical extract.","MoneyView 2026 gives 19% for both 2024 and 2025, so the figure does not depend on the year. The main report dates the 2025 fieldwork August–October 2025; the technical report says 31 July–29 September 2025.","Survey estimates are subject to sampling and non-response uncertainty. These figures do not establish cause and effect."]},{"id":"fca-card-essentials","title":"Named everyday essentials among their main uses of card borrowing","question":"Main uses of card borrowing over the preceding year, including food, transport and energy bills.","questionType":"question-summary","value":31,"unit":"%","geography":"United Kingdom","period":"May 2024 survey; spending over the previous 12 months","sample":"1,869 eligible respondents","base":"Adults with a credit card taken out in the last three years on which they carry a balance","method":"Weighted survey of UK adults aged 18 and over, mainly online with telephone interviews; fieldwork 5 February–16 June 2024.","sourceId":"reader-fca-credit-loans-2024","sourceLocator":"Credit & loans p45, CC61.","notes":["Here, carrying a balance means not repaying the full statement balance every or most months.","Multiple answers were allowed. This is neither all cardholders nor the proportion of money spent on essentials.","The selected base is retained instead of extrapolating the report headline to every card borrower.","Survey estimates are subject to sampling and non-response uncertainty. These figures do not establish cause and effect."]},{"id":"fca-persistent-card-debt","title":"Said card interest and charges exceeded the borrowing they paid off","question":"Whether interest, fees and charges exceeded the amount of card borrowing repaid over the previous 12–18 months.","questionType":"question-summary","value":5,"unit":"%","geography":"United Kingdom","period":"May 2024 survey; previous 12–18 months","sample":"17,950 respondents in the overall survey","base":"All UK adults aged 18 and over; card responses rebased to all adults","method":"Weighted survey of UK adults aged 18 and over, mainly online with telephone interviews; fieldwork 5 February–16 June 2024.","sourceId":"reader-fca-credit-loans-2024","sourceLocator":"Credit & loans p44, P_CC23 (Rebased).","notes":["Self-reported persistent card debt, not an audited default or arrears count.","Survey estimates are subject to sampling and non-response uncertainty. These figures do not establish cause and effect."]},{"id":"fca-no-cash-savings","title":"Had no cash savings","question":"Cash savings held in savings products and current accounts.","questionType":"published-measure summary","value":10,"unit":"%","geography":"United Kingdom","period":"May 2024","sample":"17,950 respondents in the overall survey","base":"All UK adults aged 18 and over","method":"Weighted survey of UK adults aged 18 and over, mainly online with telephone interviews; fieldwork 5 February–16 June 2024.","sourceId":"reader-fca-key-findings-2024","sourceLocator":"Key findings p49, Figure 3.2, B1.","notes":["No cash savings does not mean no wealth, no income or no investments. No overlap with the other survey figures is calculated.","Survey estimates are subject to sampling and non-response uncertainty. These figures do not establish cause and effect."]}],"incomeComparison":{"id":"fca-income-pressure","title":"Lower incomes leave less room when bills go wrong","period":"May 2024","geography":"United Kingdom","unit":"% of adults in each household-income band","incomeDefinition":"Annual household income from all sources, including benefits, before tax and deductions.","rows":[{"label":"Less than £15k","lowResilience":48,"paymentDifficulty":22},{"label":"£15k - <£30k","lowResilience":32,"paymentDifficulty":12},{"label":"£30k - <£50k","lowResilience":22,"paymentDifficulty":7},{"label":"£50k+","lowResilience":13,"paymentDifficulty":4}],"benchmark":{"label":"All UK adults","lowResilience":24,"paymentDifficulty":8},"sourceId":"reader-fca-financial-lives-charts","sourceLocator":"Underlying chart workbook, Figure 3.9 (rows 328–358); Key findings p58.","supportingSourceId":"reader-fca-key-findings-2024","sample":"17,950 respondents overall; subgroup sample counts are not printed in Figure 3.9.","method":"Weighted survey of UK adults aged 18 and over, mainly online with telephone interviews; fieldwork 5 February–16 June 2024.","definitions":{"lowResilience":"Limited savings, heavy pressure from bills or repeated missed payments; one or more of these conditions.","paymentDifficulty":"Missed bills or credit payments in three or more of the previous six months; those months need not be consecutive."},"notes":["The measures overlap: do not add them. They describe people’s financial strain, not the share of total debt held by an income group.","These are survey estimates within each income group, not percentages of all people with debt."]},"creditAccess":{"title":"A cheap deal is not equally accessible to everyone","summary":"Credit history and lender checks affect access, limits and available products. The evidence does not give a current 0% approval rate for each income group.","evidence":[{"sourceId":"reader-fca-card-final-2016","period":"2016 market study","sourceLocator":"Final findings summary.","finding":"Higher-risk consumers had fewer providers and products to choose from."},{"sourceId":"reader-fca-card-market-2015","period":"2015 market study","sourceLocator":"Interim report paragraph 1.31, printed p12 (PDF page14).","finding":"Higher-risk applicants tended not to be accepted for balance-transfer deals."},{"sourceId":"reader-fca-risk-pricing-2022","period":"Research published 2022; market data 2007–2015","sourceLocator":"The absence of risk-based pricing; Risk-based credit limits.","finding":"Within card products, lenders mostly varied credit limits with risk rather than giving each borrower a different interest rate."}],"notes":["The cited market studies are historical. They do not establish today’s distribution of rates or prove that income alone determines a person’s rate.","A 0% purchase offer and a balance-transfer offer are different products. Eligibility, fees, payment conditions and the end date still matter."]},"lenderIncome":{"title":"Interest charged is not the lender’s profit","annualUkCreditCardInterest":null,"annualUkCreditCardRevenue":null,"annualUkCreditCardProfit":null,"status":"compatible-uk-wide-total-not-established","definitions":{"interest":"The charge for borrowing.","revenue":"Income from interest and other sources such as card fees and merchant payments; published banking totals may use net interest after funding costs.","profit":"What remains after relevant costs, including funding, operations and losses on loans."},"sourceIds":["reader-fca-card-market-2015","reader-boe-bankstats"],"sourceLocators":["FCA 2015 interim report paragraphs 5.11–5.18, printed pp52–53.","Bankstats B3.1 quarterly banking income and B3.2 annual banking profit and loss."],"notes":["The reviewed official tables do not establish a compatible current annual total for the UK credit-card market alone. Whole-bank figures and one company’s card division are not market totals.","Multiplying all card balances by an advertised rate is not a valid total-interest calculation: some balances attract no interest, rates differ and balances change during the year.","Illustrative household interest costs must never be labelled lender profit."]},"coverage":[{"id":"maps-income-bill-conflict","status":"withheld-source-conflict","detail":"MoneyView 2026 p32 gives 52% in prose and 54% in the chart for the under-£20,000 income group unable to meet a £300 bill. Neither is selected for publication pending source reconciliation.","sourceId":"reader-maps-bill-conflict"},{"id":"income-zero-percent-access","status":"not-established","detail":"No reviewed current official cross-tab establishes the probability of a 0% card offer by household income."},{"id":"debt-savings-overlap","status":"not-calculated","detail":"Separate percentages do not establish how many of the same people have debt, low incomes and no savings."},{"id":"reader-thirty-year-forecast","status":"not-produced","detail":"These surveys and fictional household illustrations do not support a 30-year personal forecast."}]},"comparisons":{"schemaVersion":1,"reviewedAt":"2026-10-18","sources":[{"id":"ons-debt-prices","title":"CPI INDEX 00: ALL ITEMS 2015=100","url":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/timeseries/d7bt/mm23","downloadUrl":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/inflationandpriceindices/timeseries/d7bt/mm23/data","publisher":"Office for National Statistics","releaseDate":"2026-09-15T23:00:00.000Z","retrievedAt":"2026-10-18T14:52:55.056137+00:00","bodySha256":"b1c84182d86e4b46bbf3372973f55b33723e1e656ee85ba971611e96c0c3e6bf","bodyBytes":125835},{"id":"ons-debt-unemployment","title":"Unemployment rate (aged 16 and over, seasonally adjusted): %","url":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peoplenotinwork/unemployment/timeseries/mgsx/lms","downloadUrl":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peoplenotinwork/unemployment/timeseries/mgsx/lms/data","publisher":"Office for National Statistics","releaseDate":"2026-09-14T23:00:00.000Z","retrievedAt":"2026-10-18T14:52:55.639934+00:00","bodySha256":"a749d9c9990114a4ac48c14ab1d36569e254d88ecf76a4d937d8c5f26c4015c6","bodyBytes":174259},{"id":"ons-debt-population","title":"United Kingdom population mid-year estimate","url":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/timeseries/ukpop/pop","downloadUrl":"https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates/timeseries/ukpop/pop/data","publisher":"Office for National Statistics","releaseDate":"2026-09-30T23:00:00.000Z","retrievedAt":"2026-10-18T14:52:56.240700+00:00","bodySha256":"7d954811f1cecf49264695f0ed98106b7408deb0212c90703141d6968b847b6b","bodyBytes":12485}],"series":[{"id":"uk-consumer-prices","title":"Consumer prices","unit":"index, 2015=100","frequency":"monthly","geography":"United Kingdom","sourceId":"ons-debt-prices","notes":["All-items Consumer Prices Index, not adjusted for seasonal patterns. It describes an average basket, not the spending of each household.","Used only to restate borrowing in comparable purchasing power. It does not measure debt-service costs or prove why borrowing changed."],"points":[{"period":"1988-01","value":48.4},{"period":"1988-02","value":48.6},{"period":"1988-03","value":48.7},{"period":"1988-04","value":49.3},{"period":"1988-05","value":49.5},{"period":"1988-06","value":49.7},{"period":"1988-07","value":49.7},{"period":"1988-08","value":49.9},{"period":"1988-09","value":50.1},{"period":"1988-10","value":50.3},{"period":"1988-11","value":50.5},{"period":"1988-12","value":50.6},{"period":"1989-01","value":50.8},{"period":"1989-02","value":51},{"period":"1989-03","value":51.2},{"period":"1989-04","value":51.9},{"period":"1989-05","value":52.2},{"period":"1989-06","value":52.3},{"period":"1989-07","value":52.3},{"period":"1989-08","value":52.4},{"period":"1989-09","value":52.7},{"period":"1989-10","value":53.1},{"period":"1989-11","value":53.3},{"period":"1989-12","value":53.4},{"period":"1990-01","value":53.6},{"period":"1990-02","value":54},{"period":"1990-03","value":54.2},{"period":"1990-04","value":55.2},{"period":"1990-05","value":55.7},{"period":"1990-06","value":55.9},{"period":"1990-07","value":55.8},{"period":"1990-08","value":56.4},{"period":"1990-09","value":57},{"period":"1990-10","value":57.4},{"period":"1990-11","value":57.5},{"period":"1990-12","value":57.5},{"period":"1991-01","value":57.4},{"period":"1991-02","value":57.7},{"period":"1991-03","value":57.9},{"period":"1991-04","value":59.9},{"period":"1991-05","value":60.3},{"period":"1991-06","value":60.6},{"period":"1991-07","value":60.5},{"period":"1991-08","value":60.9},{"period":"1991-09","value":61.1},{"period":"1991-10","value":61.3},{"period":"1991-11","value":61.5},{"period":"1991-12","value":61.6},{"period":"1992-01","value":61.4},{"period":"1992-02","value":61.7},{"period":"1992-03","value":62},{"period":"1992-04","value":62.7},{"period":"1992-05","value":62.9},{"period":"1992-06","value":62.9},{"period":"1992-07","value":62.6},{"period":"1992-08","value":62.7},{"period":"1992-09","value":62.9},{"period":"1992-10","value":63.1},{"period":"1992-11","value":63.1},{"period":"1992-12","value":63.2},{"period":"1993-01","value":62.8},{"period":"1993-02","value":63.2},{"period":"1993-03","value":63.6},{"period":"1993-04","value":64.3},{"period":"1993-05","value":64.5},{"period":"1993-06","value":64.5},{"period":"1993-07","value":64.2},{"period":"1993-08","value":64.5},{"period":"1993-09","value":64.8},{"period":"1993-10","value":64.7},{"period":"1993-11","value":64.6},{"period":"1993-12","value":64.7},{"period":"1994-01","value":64.5},{"period":"1994-02","value":64.8},{"period":"1994-03","value":65},{"period":"1994-04","value":65.5},{"period":"1994-05","value":65.8},{"period":"1994-06","value":65.8},{"period":"1994-07","value":65.4},{"period":"1994-08","value":65.7},{"period":"1994-09","value":65.8},{"period":"1994-10","value":65.7},{"period":"1994-11","value":65.7},{"period":"1994-12","value":66},{"period":"1995-01","value":66},{"period":"1995-02","value":66.3},{"period":"1995-03","value":66.7},{"period":"1995-04","value":67},{"period":"1995-05","value":67.4},{"period":"1995-06","value":67.4},{"period":"1995-07","value":67.1},{"period":"1995-08","value":67.4},{"period":"1995-09","value":67.7},{"period":"1995-10","value":67.6},{"period":"1995-11","value":67.6},{"period":"1995-12","value":68},{"period":"1996-01","value":67.8},{"period":"1996-02","value":68.1},{"period":"1996-03","value":68.4},{"period":"1996-04","value":68.7},{"period":"1996-05","value":68.9},{"period":"1996-06","value":69},{"period":"1996-07","value":68.6},{"period":"1996-08","value":68.9},{"period":"1996-09","value":69.3},{"period":"1996-10","value":69.3},{"period":"1996-11","value":69.3},{"period":"1996-12","value":69.5},{"period":"1997-01","value":69.2},{"period":"1997-02","value":69.4},{"period":"1997-03","value":69.5},{"period":"1997-04","value":69.8},{"period":"1997-05","value":70},{"period":"1997-06","value":70.2},{"period":"1997-07","value":69.9},{"period":"1997-08","value":70.3},{"period":"1997-09","value":70.6},{"period":"1997-10","value":70.6},{"period":"1997-11","value":70.6},{"period":"1997-12","value":70.7},{"period":"1998-01","value":70.3},{"period":"1998-02","value":70.5},{"period":"1998-03","value":70.7},{"period":"1998-04","value":71.1},{"period":"1998-05","value":71.4},{"period":"1998-06","value":71.3},{"period":"1998-07","value":71},{"period":"1998-08","value":71.2},{"period":"1998-09","value":71.5},{"period":"1998-10","value":71.5},{"period":"1998-11","value":71.6},{"period":"1998-12","value":71.8},{"period":"1999-01","value":71.4},{"period":"1999-02","value":71.5},{"period":"1999-03","value":71.9},{"period":"1999-04","value":72.2},{"period":"1999-05","value":72.4},{"period":"1999-06","value":72.3},{"period":"1999-07","value":71.9},{"period":"1999-08","value":72.1},{"period":"1999-09","value":72.4},{"period":"1999-10","value":72.3},{"period":"1999-11","value":72.4},{"period":"1999-12","value":72.6},{"period":"2000-01","value":71.9},{"period":"2000-02","value":72.2},{"period":"2000-03","value":72.3},{"per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looking for work","unit":"% of economically active people aged 16+","frequency":"quarterly","geography":"United Kingdom","sourceId":"ons-debt-unemployment","notes":["Survey-based evidence: Labour Force Survey, UK people aged 16 or over. Unemployed people are out of work, available to work and actively seeking work, or waiting to start a job already obtained.","Uses the published calendar-quarter observations, not the monthly rolling three-month labels. Denominator is employed plus unemployed people, not all residents.","Falling response rates and reweighting affect precision and comparability; interpret short-term changes with caution. This is population context, not unemployment among mortgage borrowers."],"points":[{"period":"1971-Q1","value":3.8},{"period":"1971-Q2","value":4.1},{"period":"1971-Q3","value":4.2},{"period":"1971-Q4","value":4.4},{"period":"1972-Q1","value":4.5},{"period":"1972-Q2","value":4.4},{"period":"1972-Q3","value":4.3},{"period":"1972-Q4","value":4.2},{"period":"1973-Q1","value":3.9},{"period":"1973-Q2","value":3.7},{"period":"1973-Q3","value":3.6},{"period":"1973-Q4","value":3.4},{"period":"1974-Q1","value":3.6},{"period":"1974-Q2","value":3.6},{"period":"1974-Q3","value":3.7},{"period":"1974-Q4","value":3.7},{"period":"1975-Q1","value":4},{"period":"1975-Q2","value":4.3},{"period":"1975-Q3","value":4.7},{"period":"1975-Q4","value":5},{"period":"1976-Q1","value":5.3},{"period":"1976-Q2","value":5.4},{"period":"1976-Q3","value":5.5},{"period":"1976-Q4","value":5.5},{"period":"1977-Q1","value":5.5},{"period":"1977-Q2","value":5.5},{"period":"1977-Q3","value":5.7},{"period":"1977-Q4","value":5.7},{"period":"1978-Q1","value":5.6},{"period":"1978-Q2","value":5.6},{"period":"1978-Q3","value":5.5},{"period":"1978-Q4","value":5.4},{"period":"1979-Q1","value":5.4},{"period":"1979-Q2","value":5.3},{"period":"1979-Q3","value":5.4},{"period":"1979-Q4","value":5.5},{"period":"1980-Q1","value":5.8},{"period":"1980-Q2","value":6.3},{"period":"1980-Q3","value":7.1},{"period":"1980-Q4","value":8},{"period":"1981-Q1","value":8.9},{"period":"1981-Q2","value":9.6},{"period":"1981-Q3","value":9.9},{"period":"1981-Q4","value":10.2},{"period":"1982-Q1","value":10.4},{"period":"1982-Q2","value":10.6},{"period":"1982-Q3","value":10.8},{"period":"1982-Q4","value":11.1},{"period":"1983-Q1","value":11.3},{"period":"1983-Q2","value":11.4},{"period":"1983-Q3","value":11.5},{"period":"1983-Q4","value":11.7},{"period":"1984-Q1","value":11.8},{"period":"1984-Q2","value":11.9},{"period":"1984-Q3","value":11.7},{"period":"1984-Q4","value":11.6},{"period":"1985-Q1","value":11.5},{"period":"1985-Q2","value":11.4},{"period":"1985-Q3","value":11.3},{"period":"1985-Q4","value":11.3},{"period":"1986-Q1","value":11.3},{"period":"1986-Q2","value":11.3},{"period":"1986-Q3","value":11.4},{"period":"1986-Q4","value":11.3},{"period":"1987-Q1","value":11.1},{"period":"1987-Q2","value":10.7},{"period":"1987-Q3","value":10.2},{"period":"1987-Q4","value":9.7},{"period":"1988-Q1","value":9.2},{"period":"1988-Q2","value":8.7},{"period":"1988-Q3","value":8.4},{"period":"1988-Q4","value":8},{"period":"1989-Q1","value":7.6},{"period":"1989-Q2","value":7.2},{"period":"1989-Q3","value":7.1},{"period":"1989-Q4","value":7},{"period":"1990-Q1","value":6.9},{"period":"1990-Q2","value":6.9},{"period":"1990-Q3","value":7.1},{"period":"1990-Q4","value":7.5},{"period":"1991-Q1","value":8},{"period":"1991-Q2","value":8.7},{"period":"1991-Q3","value":9.2},{"period":"1991-Q4","value":9.5},{"period":"1992-Q1","value":9.7},{"period":"1992-Q2","value":9.8},{"period":"1992-Q3","value":9.9},{"period":"1992-Q4","value":10.4},{"period":"1993-Q1","value":10.6},{"period":"1993-Q2","value":10.4},{"period":"1993-Q3","value":10.2},{"period":"1993-Q4","value":10.3},{"period":"1994-Q1","value":9.9},{"period":"1994-Q2","value":9.7},{"period":"1994-Q3","value":9.4},{"period":"1994-Q4","value":9},{"period":"1995-Q1","value":8.9},{"period":"1995-Q2","value":8.7},{"period":"1995-Q3","value":8.6},{"period":"1995-Q4","value":8.3},{"period":"1996-Q1","value":8.2},{"period":"1996-Q2","value":8.3},{"period":"1996-Q3","value":8.1},{"period":"1996-Q4","value":7.8},{"period":"1997-Q1","value":7.3},{"period":"1997-Q2","value":7.2},{"period":"1997-Q3","value":6.8},{"period":"1997-Q4","value":6.5},{"period":"1998-Q1","value":6.4},{"period":"1998-Q2","value":6.3},{"period":"1998-Q3","value":6.2},{"period":"1998-Q4","value":6.1},{"period":"1999-Q1","value":6.2},{"period":"1999-Q2","value":6},{"period":"1999-Q3","value":5.9},{"period":"1999-Q4","value":5.8},{"period":"2000-Q1","value":5.8},{"period":"2000-Q2","value":5.5},{"period":"2000-Q3","value":5.3},{"period":"2000-Q4","value":5.2},{"period":"2001-Q1","value":5.1},{"period":"2001-Q2","value":5},{"period":"2001-Q3","value":5.1},{"period":"2001-Q4","value":5.2},{"period":"2002-Q1","value":5.2},{"period":"2002-Q2","value":5.2},{"period":"2002-Q3","value":5.3},{"period":"2002-Q4","value":5.1},{"period":"2003-Q1","value":5.2},{"period":"2003-Q2","value":4.9},{"period":"2003-Q3","value":5},{"period":"2003-Q4","value":4.9},{"period":"2004-Q1","value":4.8},{"period":"2004-Q2","value":4.8},{"period":"2004-Q3","value":4.7},{"period":"2004-Q4","value":4.7},{"period":"2005-Q1","value":4.7},{"period":"2005-Q2","value":4.8},{"period":"2005-Q3","value":4.7},{"period":"2005-Q4","value":5.1},{"period":"2006-Q1","value":5.2},{"period":"2006-Q2","value":5.5},{"period":"2006-Q3","value":5.5},{"period":"2006-Q4","value":5.5},{"period":"2007-Q1","value":5.5},{"period":"2007-Q2","value":5.4},{"period":"2007-Q3","value":5.3},{"period":"2007-Q4","value":5.2},{"period":"2008-Q1","value":5.2},{"period":"2008-Q2","value":5.4},{"period":"2008-Q3","value":5.9},{"period":"2008-Q4","value":6.4},{"period":"2009-Q1","value":7.1},{"period":"2009-Q2","value":7.8},{"period":"2009-Q3","value":7.8},{"period":"2009-Q4","value":7.8},{"period":"2010-Q1","value":8},{"period":"2010-Q2","value":7.9},{"period":"2010-Q3","value":7.8},{"period":"2010-Q4","value":7.9},{"period":"2011-Q1","value":7.8},{"period":"2011-Q2","value":7.9},{"period":"2011-Q3","value":8.3},{"period":"2011-Q4","value":8.4},{"period":"2012-Q1","value":8.2},{"period":"2012-Q2","value":8},{"period":"2012-Q3","value":7.8},{"period":"2012-Q4","value":7.8},{"period":"2013-Q1","value":7.8},{"period":"2013-Q2","value":7.7},{"period":"2013-Q3","value":7.6},{"period":"2013-Q4","value":7.2},{"period":"2014-Q1","value":6.7},{"period":"2014-Q2","value":6.3},{"period":"2014-Q3","value":6},{"period":"2014-Q4","value":5.7},{"period":"2015-Q1","value":5.5},{"period":"2015-Q2","value":5.6},{"period":"2015-Q3","value":5.3},{"period":"2015-Q4","value":5.1},{"period":"2016-Q1","value":5.1},{"period":"2016-Q2","value":4.9},{"period":"2016-Q3","value":4.8},{"period":"2016-Q4","value":4.7},{"period":"2017-Q1","value":4.6},{"period":"2017-Q2","value":4.4},{"period":"2017-Q3","value":4.3},{"period":"2017-Q4","value":4.4},{"period":"2018-Q1","value":4.2},{"period":"2018-Q2","value":4},{"period":"2018-Q3","value":4.1},{"period":"2018-Q4","value":4},{"period":"2019-Q1","value":3.8},{"period":"2019-Q2","value":3.9},{"period":"2019-Q3","value":3.9},{"period":"2019-Q4","value":3.7},{"period":"2020-Q1","value":4.1},{"period":"2020-Q2","value":4.1},{"period":"2020-Q3","value":5},{"period":"2020-Q4","value":5.3},{"period":"2021-Q1","value":4.9},{"period":"2021-Q2","value":4.7},{"period":"2021-Q3","value":4.4},{"period":"2021-Q4","value":4.2},{"period":"2022-Q1","value":3.8},{"period":"2022-Q2","value":3.8},{"period":"2022-Q3","value":3.7},{"period":"2022-Q4","value":3.9},{"period":"2023-Q1","value":4},{"period":"2023-Q2","value":4.2},{"period":"2023-Q3","value":4.1},{"period":"2023-Q4","value":3.9},{"period":"2024-Q1","value":4.3},{"period":"2024-Q2","value":4.2},{"period":"2024-Q3","value":4.3},{"period":"2024-Q4","value":4.4},{"period":"2025-Q1","value":4.6},{"period":"2025-Q2","value":4.7},{"period":"2025-Q3","value":5},{"period":"2025-Q4","value":5.2},{"period":"2026-Q1","value":5},{"period":"2026-Q2","value":4.9}]},{"id":"uk-midyear-population","title":"UK population","unit":"people, all ages","frequency":"annual","geography":"United Kingdom","sourceId":"ons-debt-population","notes":["Mid-year estimate of all UK residents, including children and people with no borrowing. Dividing lending by this population gives a scale comparison, not the average borrower balance.","Use June borrowing and the same year population estimate only. No extrapolation of the latest population into later borrowing dates. Estimates can be revised after censuses."],"points":[{"period":"1971","value":55928000},{"period":"1972","value":56096700},{"period":"1973","value":56222900},{"period":"1974","value":56235600},{"period":"1975","value":56225700},{"period":"1976","value":56216100},{"period":"1977","value":56189900},{"period":"1978","value":56178000},{"period":"1979","value":56240100},{"period":"1980","value":56329700},{"period":"1981","value":56357500},{"period":"1982","value":56290700},{"period":"1983","value":56315700},{"period":"1984","value":56409300},{"period":"1985","value":56554000},{"period":"1986","value":56683800},{"period":"1987","value":56804000},{"period":"1988","value":56916400},{"period":"1989","value":57076500},{"period":"1990","value":57237500},{"period":"1991","value":57438700},{"period":"1992","value":57584500},{"period":"1993","value":57713900},{"period":"1994","value":57862100},{"period":"1995","value":58024800},{"period":"1996","value":58164400},{"period":"1997","value":58314200},{"period":"1998","value":58474900},{"period":"1999","value":58684400},{"period":"2000","value":58886100},{"period":"2001","value":59113000},{"period":"2002","value":59365700},{"period":"2003","value":59636700},{"period":"2004","value":59950400},{"period":"2005","value":60413300},{"period":"2006","value":60827000},{"period":"2007","value":61319100},{"period":"2008","value":61823800},{"period":"2009","value":62260500},{"period":"2010","value":62759500},{"period":"2011","value":63285100},{"period":"2012","value":63710500},{"period":"2013","value":64138200},{"period":"2014","value":64618700},{"period":"2015","value":65087000},{"period":"2016","value":65605800},{"period":"2017","value":65964300},{"period":"2018","value":66286700},{"period":"2019","value":66627500},{"period":"2020","value":66739900},{"period":"2021","value":66978000},{"period":"2022","value":67680000},{"period":"2023","value":68588000},{"period":"2024","value":69256300},{"period":"2025","value":69483900}]}]},"illustrations":{"status":"Fictional scenarios with assumed budgets and rates; not survey observations, forecasts or lender offers.","method":"Monthly interest on the opening balance, rounded half up to pennies, then new purchases added and payment deducted. Annual nominal rate divided by 12. Fees and lender-specific daily interest rules excluded.","cards":[{"id":"dan-tracey","names":"Richard & Emma","title":"The money is already set aside.","situation":"They could pay the £3,000 bill today. Instead, this example assumes a 12-month 0% purchase offer and £250 paid every month.","meaning":"The balance clears by the end of the assumed offer. Their £3,000 savings pot is kept separate; no savings interest is counted here.","budgetLabel":"Paid from their monthly budget","newPurchasesLabel":"Nothing else put on this card","savingsReservedPence":300000,"model":{"initialBalancePence":300000,"nominalAnnualRateBasisPoints":0,"monthlyPaymentPence":25000,"monthlyNewPurchasesPence":0,"months":12},"result":{"months":[{"month":1,"openingPence":300000,"interestPence":0,"newPurchasesPence":0,"paymentPence":25000,"closingPence":275000},{"month":2,"openingPence":275000,"interestPence":0,"newPurchasesPence":0,"paymentPence":25000,"closingPence":250000},{"month":3,"openingPence":250000,"interestPence":0,"newPurchasesPence":0,"paymentPence":25000,"closingPence":225000},{"month":4,"openingPence":225000,"interestPence":0,"newPurchasesPence":0,"paymentPence":25000,"closingPence":200000},{"month":5,"openingPence":200000,"interestPence":0,"newPurchasesPence":0,"paymentPence":25000,"closingPence":175000},{"month":6,"openingPence":175000,"interestPence":0,"newPurchasesPence":0,"paymentPence":25000,"closingPence":150000},{"month":7,"openingPence":150000,"interestPence":0,"newPurchasesPence":0,"paymentPence":25000,"closingPence":125000},{"month":8,"openingPence":125000,"interestPence":0,"newPurchasesPence":0,"paymentPence":25000,"closingPence":100000},{"month":9,"openingPence":100000,"interestPence":0,"newPurchasesPence":0,"paymentPence":25000,"closingPence":75000},{"month":10,"openingPence":75000,"interestPence":0,"newPurchasesPence":0,"paymentPence":25000,"closingPence":50000},{"month":11,"openingPence":50000,"interestPence":0,"newPurchasesPence":0,"paymentPence":25000,"closingPence":25000},{"month":12,"openingPence":25000,"interestPence":0,"newPurchasesPence":0,"paymentPence":25000,"closingPence":0}],"totalNewPurchasesPence":0,"totalInterestPence":0,"totalPaidPence":300000,"balancePence":0}},{"id":"gary-joan","names":"Gary & Joan","title":"They pay it down, then add to it.","situation":"They plan to pay £180 a month, but another £100 of purchases goes on the card each month. This example uses 24% annual interest.","meaning":"Their payments cover interest and some borrowing. New purchases leave much less progress towards clearing the balance.","budgetLabel":"Their assumed monthly payment","newPurchasesLabel":"New purchases on the card each month","model":{"initialBalancePence":300000,"nominalAnnualRateBasisPoints":2400,"monthlyPaymentPence":18000,"monthlyNewPurchasesPence":10000,"months":12},"result":{"months":[{"month":1,"openingPence":300000,"interestPence":6000,"newPurchasesPence":10000,"paymentPence":18000,"closingPence":298000},{"month":2,"openingPence":298000,"interestPence":5960,"newPurchasesPence":10000,"paymentPence":18000,"closingPence":295960},{"month":3,"openingPence":295960,"interestPence":5919,"newPurchasesPence":10000,"paymentPence":18000,"closingPence":293879},{"month":4,"openingPence":293879,"interestPence":5878,"newPurchasesPence":10000,"paymentPence":18000,"closingPence":291757},{"month":5,"openingPence":291757,"interestPence":5835,"newPurchasesPence":10000,"paymentPence":18000,"closingPence":289592},{"month":6,"openingPence":289592,"interestPence":5792,"newPurchasesPence":10000,"paymentPence":18000,"closingPence":287384},{"month":7,"openingPence":287384,"interestPence":5748,"newPurchasesPence":10000,"paymentPence":18000,"closingPence":285132},{"month":8,"openingPence":285132,"interestPence":5703,"newPurchasesPence":10000,"paymentPence":18000,"closingPence":282835},{"month":9,"openingPence":282835,"interestPence":5657,"newPurchasesPence":10000,"paymentPence":18000,"closingPence":280492},{"month":10,"openingPence":280492,"interestPence":5610,"newPurchasesPence":10000,"paymentPence":18000,"closingPence":278102},{"month":11,"openingPence":278102,"interestPence":5562,"newPurchasesPence":10000,"paymentPence":18000,"closingPence":275664},{"month":12,"openingPence":275664,"interestPence":5513,"newPurchasesPence":10000,"paymentPence":18000,"closingPence":273177}],"totalNewPurchasesPence":120000,"totalInterestPence":69177,"totalPaidPence":216000,"balancePence":273177}},{"id":"paul-stacey","names":"Lewis & Katie","title":"An income shock leaves a gap.","situation":"After their income falls, they pay £150 a month but also put £150 of essentials on the card. This example uses 30% annual interest.","meaning":"New borrowing replaces every pound they pay back. Interest then pushes the balance higher, despite a payment every month.","budgetLabel":"What they can afford to pay each month","newPurchasesLabel":"Essentials added to the card each month","model":{"initialBalancePence":300000,"nominalAnnualRateBasisPoints":3000,"monthlyPaymentPence":15000,"monthlyNewPurchasesPence":15000,"months":12},"result":{"months":[{"month":1,"openingPence":300000,"interestPence":7500,"newPurchasesPence":15000,"paymentPence":15000,"closingPence":307500},{"month":2,"openingPence":307500,"interestPence":7688,"newPurchasesPence":15000,"paymentPence":15000,"closingPence":315188},{"month":3,"openingPence":315188,"interestPence":7880,"newPurchasesPence":15000,"paymentPence":15000,"closingPence":323068},{"month":4,"openingPence":323068,"interestPence":8077,"newPurchasesPence":15000,"paymentPence":15000,"closingPence":331145},{"month":5,"openingPence":331145,"interestPence":8279,"newPurchasesPence":15000,"paymentPence":15000,"closingPence":339424},{"month":6,"openingPence":339424,"interestPence":8486,"newPurchasesPence":15000,"paymentPence":15000,"closingPence":347910},{"month":7,"openingPence":347910,"interestPence":8698,"newPurchasesPence":15000,"paymentPence":15000,"closingPence":356608},{"month":8,"openingPence":356608,"interestPence":8915,"newPurchasesPence":15000,"paymentPence":15000,"closingPence":365523},{"month":9,"openingPence":365523,"interestPence":9138,"newPurchasesPence":15000,"paymentPence":15000,"closingPence":374661},{"month":10,"openingPence":374661,"interestPence":9367,"newPurchasesPence":15000,"paymentPence":15000,"closingPence":384028},{"month":11,"openingPence":384028,"interestPence":9601,"newPurchasesPence":15000,"paymentPence":15000,"closingPence":393629},{"month":12,"openingPence":393629,"interestPence":9841,"newPurchasesPence":15000,"paymentPence":15000,"closingPence":403470}],"totalNewPurchasesPence":180000,"totalInterestPence":103470,"totalPaidPence":180000,"balancePence":403470}}]},"student":{"source":{"name":"Student loans in England: 2025 to 2026","url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/student-loans-in-england-2025-to-2026","downloadUrl":"https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a44d1241a04d4dae8b8155e/slcsp012026.xlsx","publisher":"Student Loans Company","geography":"England and EU domiciled borrowers; Higher Education income-contingent loans","licence":"Open Government Licence v3.0","published":"2026-07-02","verifiedOn":"2026-10-08"},"retrievedAt":"2026-10-08T12:53:30.130220+00:00","series":{"id":"student-entry-balance","title":"Average student-loan balance when repayment starts","unit":"£ per borrower, current prices","geography":"England-domiciled and relevant EU borrowers","frequency":"annual","sourceId":"slc-entry-balances","notes":["Higher-education income-contingent loans. Financial years; 2025/26 is provisional. These are different entry cohorts, not the same borrowers followed over time.","Repayments depend on income and loan plan. A larger balance does not mean an equally large increase in the monthly deduction. No repayment due below the income threshold is not a default.","Amounts are not adjusted for inflation. This history has 20 annual observations; it is not a 30-year series."],"points":[{"period":"2006/07","value":10050},{"period":"2007/08","value":10870},{"period":"2008/09","value":11770},{"period":"2009/10","value":14670},{"period":"2010/11","value":16160},{"period":"2011/12","value":16990},{"period":"2012/13","value":18620},{"period":"2013/14","value":20040},{"period":"2014/15","value":21160},{"period":"2015/16","value":24390},{"period":"2016/17","value":32330},{"period":"2017/18","value":34450},{"period":"2018/19","value":35670},{"period":"2019/20","value":39990},{"period":"2020/21","value":44720},{"period":"2021/22","value":44640},{"period":"2022/23","value":44380},{"period":"2023/24","value":48250},{"period":"2024/25","value":53000},{"period":"2025/26","value":47730}]}}}